Chapter 1 Flashcards
Ubiquitous
Found everywhere
Linneaus
Scientist that invented Binomial nomenclature
Scientific name
Genus + specific epificit
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic organisms have membrane-bound organelles (Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, etc)
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and don’t have membrane bound organelles
5 Kingdoms From least complex to most complex
Least: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae
Most: Animalia
Monera
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms
Least complex animal kingdom
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Domain: bacteria & Archae
What does domain classification depend on
number and type of ribosomes
What is binomial nomenclature
A way to classify organisms by two names
Genus + specific epithet
Protista:
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms
Primarily unicellular some are multicellular
Domain name = Eukarya
Group names = Slime mold, Protozoa, Algae
Plantae
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Domain = Eukarya
Animalia
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Domain = Eukarya
Classification = # + type ribosomes
Fungi
Cellular type (unicellular/multicellular)
Prokaryotic VS eukaryotic
Domain name
Group names for organisms
Mostly Multicellular few unicellular (yeasts)
Eukaryotic
Domain name = Eukarya
Group names = Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
Are viruses classified into a domain
No, because they don’t have ribosomes and be classified into a domain, requires the number and type of ribosome
Are viruses classified into a domain
No, because they don’t have ribosomes and be classified into a domain, requires the number and type of ribosome
List the general characteristics of viruses
All viruses have protein coats called capsids that contain genetic information
What are helminths? Why do we care?
Parasitic worms (flatworms, tapeworms…)
part of life cycle is microscopic
Who discovered life’s smallest unit (cells)? And what theory did he come up with?
Robert Hooke
Cell Theory-all living things comprised of cells
What was Redi known for
Spontaneous generation
Maggots came from flies that lay eggs not spontaneous generation in decaying meat
Who was the first to see microbes through a magnifier?
Van Leeuwenhoek
called them animalcules
Disprove spontaneous generation
What was Virchow known for
Biogenesis concept; living cells arise only from preexisting living cells
Disprove spontaneous generation
What did Pasteur discover about microrganisms?
Air contains microrganisms that can contaminate sterile solutions
Microrganisms can be found on nonliving matter,
Microrganisms destroyed by heat
Pasteurization = heating liquids can kill microbes but doesn’t sterilize the liquid
Aseptic technique = methods to decrease contamination
Who is Lister and what did he do
Germ theory of disease-microrganisms might cause disease
Used phenol post surgery to reduce infection
What was Robert Koch known for
Diseases caused by specific microoganism
Koch’s Postulates = relates specific microniganism to specific disease
What was Jenner credited/ know for?
Used cowpox like antigen to protect against smallpox
Credited with inventing Immunity
What was Ehrlich know for?
Used Salvarsan to fight syphilis
Chemotherapy = any drug used as therapy
Synthetic drug VS Antibiotic
Synthetic drug are prepared by chemicals in a lab
Antibiotics produced naturally by bacteria or fungi
Describe Koch’s postulate
Requires virus isolation, growth of agent in pure culture, development of diseases in healthy individual
Parasitology
Study of Protozoa and parasitic worms
Genomics
Study of organisms genes
What is Microbial genetics
Study of how microbes inherit traits
Molecular Biology
Study of how genetic information is carried in DNA and directs protein synthesis
Recombinant DNA/ DNA reconbination
Genetic info (DNA) combined with other DNA naturally.
Biotechnology/Genetic engineering
DNA combined with other DNA on purpose in lab
Gene Therapy
Insertion of missing gene or replacement of defective gene
What is Microbial ecology
Study of relationship between microbes and their environment
Bioremediation
Use of microbes to clean up pollutant or toxic waste (oil)
Normal Microbiota
Microorganisms found in specific areas in body that aren’t pathogenic
Resistance
Ability of host to defend against disease
Infectious Disease
Pathogenic microorganism enters host leading to disease
Producers
Take sunlight convert to energy by photosynthesis
Consumers
Get energy from producers
Decomposers
Recycle organic material back into environment (top of food web)
Immunology
Study of immune response
Virology
Study of viruses
Mycology
Study of fungi
