Chapter 1

Question 1

What four ways do firefighters die?

Answer 1

Cardiac Arrest, asphyxiation, collapse injuries, thermal insult

Question 2

What are the core principles of structural firefighting?

Answer 2

Fire behavior, building construction, strategy, tactics, safety, and training

Question 3

What is the foundation upon which other five core principles stand?

Answer 3

Training

Question 4

What is the biggest challenge that modern fire departments and fire districts face today?

Answer 4

Tight budgets, over scheduling, true organizational commitment to relevant training in core principles.

Question 5

Fewer firefighter injuries and fatalities is a result of what?

Answer 5

Safe and effective fireground operations

Question 6

What is the main purpose of this book?

Answer 6

To understand your job

Question 7

What is the first core principle of structural firefighting?

Answer 7

Fire Behavior

Question 8

Fire behavior is also called what?

Answer 8

Fire Dynamics

Question 9

What were the three distinct stages of fire inside a structure referred to as in the past?

Answer 9

Incipient stage, the free burning stage, the smoldering stage

Question 10

What are the four stages of modern fire development?

Answer 10

Incipient stage, growth stage, fully developed stage, Decay stage

Question 11

What is the chemical reaction that refers to chemical decomposition?

Answer 11

Pyrolysis

Question 12

The self-sustaining rapid chemical reaction that requires heat, fuel, and oxygen

Answer 12

Fire

Question 13

What are the four components that make up the fire tetrahedron?

Answer 13

Heat, fuel, oxygen, chemical chain reaction

Question 14

What should the first arriving company do on an incipient stage fire?

Answer 14

Stretch an 1-3/4 hand line

Question 15

What products of combustion do we breathe in?

Answer 15

CO, hydrogen cyanide, benzene, ammonia, phosgene, and other toxins and carcinogens

Question 16

At what stage of the fire does it have enough oxygen to sustain flames?

Answer 16

Growth stage

Question 17

Fire growth is dependent on what four variables?

Answer 17

Available oxygen, available fuel, compartment size, and the insulating value.

Question 18

The higher the heat release rate,______.

Answer 18

The faster the fire will grow

Question 19

Fire growth is all about what?

Answer 19

The fuels heat release rate

Question 20

What other factors related to Fuels determine the fire’s ability to consume the fuel?

Answer 20

Quantity, Class, quality, and density of fuel.

Question 21

The stratification of fire gases inside a fire compartment is called what?

Answer 21

Thermal layering

Question 22

Hot fire gases found at the ceiling and cooler fire gases found at the floor is referred to as what?

Answer 22

Thermal balance

Question 23

What size hand line should be pulled on a growth stage fire?

Answer 23

1-3/4 or 2-1/2

Question 24

Who was the first to experiment with putting quick spurts of water into the overhead during the 1980s?

Answer 24

Swedish fire service

Question 25

What do we call the technique known as penciling?

Answer 25

Flow and move

Question 26

Who is responsible for three-dimensional 3d water fog applications?

Answer 26

Paul Greenwood London fire brigade

Question 27

What nozzles can be used for penciling or flow and move?

Answer 27

Fog nozzles on a straight stream or smoothbore

Question 28

Flashover occurs when?

Answer 28

End of the growth stage

Question 29

Fire in a compartment can produce heat levels as high as?

Answer 29

2000 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 30

Flames appearing at the ceiling level and traveling with the smoke two areas of less pressure is referred to as?

Answer 30

Flameover

Question 31

_______ stage is when the fire has flashed over and now involves the entire compartment or space of a structure, and all the contents are burning

Answer 31

Fully developed

Question 32

The rate at which the fully developed compartment fire is burning is limited by the amount of what?

Answer 32

Ventilation, or oxygen, that the compartment is receiving

Question 33

All fires and structures that have reached the fully developed stage are what?

Answer 33

Ventilation limited fires

Question 34

When a fully developed fire has plenty of oxygen and is only limited by the amount of fuel available it is referred to as?

Answer 34

Fuel limited fire

Question 35

Every fully developed stage fire that occurs inside a structure is likely Ventilation Limited unless what?

Answer 35

Several exterior walls of the structure have collapsed or have been consumed by fire

Question 36

What is a flammability range of carbon monoxide?

Answer 36

12.5% to 74%

Question 37

How do you prevent a backdraft from occurring?

Answer 37

Vertical ventilation directly over the involved area or enough water into the space to cool the superheated gases

Question 38

Why do today’s firefighters and counter flashovers more frequently?

Answer 38

Automated fire detection systems, fires burn hotter today, better insulated structures

Question 39

________ is composed of areas with any structure, between an inlet and an outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure fire area towards the lower pressure areas by way of door rays, stairways, or Windows

Answer 39

Flow path

Question 40

When the fuel and the compartment or space has been mostly consumed by fire, the fire will decrease in size and intensity and the heat released by the fire will decrease significantly. This stage is known as what?

Answer 40

Decay stage