Chapter 1

Question 1

Quantitative content analysis

Answer 1

Systematic assignment of communication content to categories according to rules, and the analysis of relationships involving those categories using statistical methods.

Question 2

Content analysis

Answer 2

Drawing representative samples of content, training human coders category rules developer to measure or reflect differences in content, and measuring the reliability (agreement or stability over time) of coders in the protocol. (Empirical approach)

Question 3

Why use computers?

Answer 3

Utilize computers to complement human coding to deal with large amounts of texts.

Question 4

Social science approach

Answer 4

Empirical observation and measurement. Identify questions or problems, concepts involved, possible explanations or relations.

Question 5

Operational procedures

Answer 5

Developed and used to collect data on social media content, compared with data from official media.

Question 6

Scientific method

Answer 6

Explanations derived through direct and objective observation and measurements

Question 7

Communication social science

Answer 7

Reductionist view - Understanding comes through reducing a phenomena, to smaller basic parts

Question 8

Holism

Answer 8

An assumption that wholes can be more than or different from the sum of their individual parts.

Question 9

Content analysis is an essential step

Answer 9

In understanding the effects of communication effects

Question 10

Content analysis role in this:

Answer 10

Causal role for communication content described in the models, tested and ascribed to content

Question 11

Communication effects reflected

Answer 11

Variety of contingent conditions (message attended to alone or as part of the group)

Question 12

Content analysis important:

Answer 12

Means of categorizing forms of content

Question 13

CA has categorized entertainment content

Answer 13

Answer questions about how ethnic and gender stereotypes are learned.

Question 14

Frame

Answer 14

Central organizing idea for news content that supplies a context and suggests what the issue is through the use of selection, emphasis and elaboration.

Question 15

CA: important tool for exploring

Answer 15

Directly how individual level cognitive processes and effects relate to message characteristics.
Important differences messages effects and others less due to communicators or members intent than to different cognitive or other processes.

Question 16

Content (antecedent):

Answer 16

Possible consequences of exposure to content range from attitude change to gratifications from media use. Content itself: consequence of a variety of other antecedent conditions or processes

Question 17

Content consequence of:

Answer 17

Web page: consequence of news organizations selection array of stories, graphics and other content.
Page content; consequence of editors’ applications of news judgements.

Question 18

Content researcher examines

Answer 18

Reflects all those antecedent choices and processes.

Question 19

The “centrality” of content

Answer 19

Content viewed as an end product, consequence or evidence of antecedent contexts.

Question 20

Validity

Answer 20

How closely the content evidence can be linked empirically to the context.

Question 21

Most CA are not linked:

Answer 21

In a systematic way to either the forces for the content or the effects.

Question 22

Descriptive content analysis:

Answer 22

First phase in a program of research.

Question 23

CA: evolved in the use of:

Answer 23

Computational methods to complement human coding. Access, retrieve, categorize, filter and manage content units for researchers to manually code content

Question 24

Algorithmic text analysis

Answer 24

(ATA= computer numeric values to attributes of media content based on rules). Machine learning or supervised machine learning or computer coding.