CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
test for non-reducing sugars
benedticts test
heated
blue to green to yellow to orange to red
why is it a good idea to use a colourimeter
standerdised and objective
similaritie between lactose snd lactulose q
both contain glycosidic bond
difference between lsctode lactulose
lactose contains just glucose but lactulose also contains fructose
describe how the structure of cellulose is adapted for its function
long staraight chanis linked by hydrogen bonds provide strength
describe how starch is adapted for it’s function
forms a helicase
means it’s complact easily
eating stale bread produces retrpgrade starch how can retrograde starch cpmete against amalyse to prevent weight gain
less hydrolisis of starch into maltose as retrograde starch out competes amalyse
less absorbtion of glucose
describe how the sequence of amino acids codes for a specific polypeptide
structure determined by relative position of amino acids
primary sgru ture specific sequence of amino acids
secondary structure formed via hydrogen bonding between these specific amino acids e.g beta pleated sheet alpha helix
tertiary structure interactions between r groups and the e.g hydrogen or ionic bonding
quaternary structure is when more that pne polypetide binds to form complex protien e.g heamoglobin
give the properties of water
it’s a metablolite - condensation and hydrolysis reactions
high specific heat capacity
surface tension
cohesion tension - allows hydrogen atoms to stick together
what do you say after tap is hydrolysed
energy is released
what is atp formed from and how is formed
adenine, disulphide, three phosphate
via condensation reaction and atp synthase
the movement os substances across cell membranes is affected by membrane structure describe how
phospholipid prevent s diffusion of polar substances through the membrane
carrier proteins allow active transport
channel proteins allow facility diffusion or co-transport
cholesterol affects fluidity and permiablitliy
what are the stages of the cel; cycle
interphase
mitosis
cytokenisis
what comes under interphase
g1
g2
s
what happens in g1
growth
organelles replicate
what happens in s phase
dna replication
what happens in g2
error checking
when do spindle fibres attach to chromatids
metaphase
why in prophase do chromosomes look unclear
[2marks
chromosomes are only becoming visible as chromosomes are still condensing
describe how a gene is a code for a specific polypeptide
because base nucleotides in triplets determine the order of amino acid sequence / primary structure
what does it mean when a competitive inhibiter blocks the active site in terms of Dan replication
fewer nucleotides available for Dan replication
why is mitosis important
[don’t just say growth and repair more specific]
growth increase the number of cells in the body
repair damaged tissues
if one whole cell cycle takes 20 hours how long does mitosis take
2hours
or 10% because interphase [ G1,S, G2] takes 90%
in terms of spindle fibres what happens during which process
prophase spindle fibers condense may become visible
during metaphase spindle fibres are released and attach to centromere
