Chapter 1

Question 1

globalization

Answer 1

Nations being more open and dependent on one another.

Question 2

Religious fundamentalism

Answer 2

believe in the absolute truth of their religion

Question 3

Gross National Index

Answer 3

measure of national affluence

Question 4

democracy

Answer 4

A political system where citizens enjoy a number of basic civil and political rights. “Government by the people”

Question 5

Authoritarian political system

Answer 5

Opposite of democracy. Can take the form of oligarchy (rule by few) or totalitarian (government constricts the rights of its citizens in a particularly severe and intrusive manner

Question 6

political culture

Answer 6

defines the public’s expectations about the political process and its role within the process.

Question 7

public goods

Answer 7

clean air, a national defense, or disease prevention. Public goods mean that if one person enjoys them, they cannot be withheld from other members of the public.

Question 8

human rights

Answer 8

rights we have simply because we exist as human beings - they are not granted by any state.

Question 9

democratization

Answer 9

process through which a political regime becomes democratic

Question 10

ethnicity

Answer 10

“those human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of customs or both

Question 11

The core of politics is

Answer 11

decision making.

Question 12

The public sphere deals with collective decisions beyond the control of individuals; as such, the public sphere would tend to be the most extensive in which types of states?

Answer 12

totalitarian states

Question 13

A politically defined community within which political decisions take place is called a(n)

Answer 13

political system

Question 14

Strictly speaking, political scientists use the term nation to refer to:

Answer 14

group of people with a common identity. That common identity may be built upon a common language, history, race, or culture, or simply upon the fact that these people have occupied the same territo

Question 15

Which of the following is or was considered a multinational state?

Answer 15

The former Soviet Union because it include many nations

Question 16

Creating a national identity is considered the least problematic in a country in which

Answer 16

the people share a common history, language, and religion.

Question 17

While economic development can be a partial solution to many countries’ needs, it can also lead to the following:

Answer 17

an economic benefit to only particular regions of a country, economic success for particular social groups, and an unequal distribution of resources among the rich and poor.

Question 18

The process of economic development can be seen in the changing labor force of a country. This change is a transition from

Answer 18

an agrarian to industrial economy and an industrial to advanced industrial economy

Question 19

Which of the following states are most likely to foster and promote civil liberties and civil rights?

Answer 19

democratic states

Question 20

Current trends in democratization show

Answer 20

a slight halt to the process in recent years

Question 21

In 2006, UN Deputy Secretary-General Louise Frechette said that a country can boost its economic productivity by

Answer 21

giving women equal education and work opportunities, and access to a society’s decision-making processes

Question 22

Most discussions of globalization focus on its economic impact, but globalization can also have an important impact on:

Answer 22

social and political institutions.

Question 23

Libertarians see society as composed of

Answer 23

individual human beings with fundamental human rights

Question 24

The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believes that:

Answer 24

hat only people unfettered by government can form bonds that allow them to develop their full human potential. By imposing an order based on coercion, hierarchy, and the threat of force, governments destroy natural communities.

Question 25

In order to foster economic development, states need to develop a skilled and healthy labor force.

Answer 25

True. As well as markets are efficient when property rights are protected, when competition is rigorous, and when information is freely available. When these conditions do not hold, how-ever, markets may fail and the economy may suffer

Question 26

All democracies guarantee and protect human rights and civil liberties to all their people.

Answer 26

False. Democratization is also an ongoing process. Even when states adopt democratic institutions, there is no guarantee that they will grant human rights and civil liberties to all their people. In addition, the definition of appropriate rights and liberties evolves. Democracies have to balance between respecting the will of the majority and protecting the rights of the minority.

Question 27

What are the main challenges that countries face when building a political community?

Answer 27

The main challenges they face are creating a common type of community. The challenges can come in the form of ethnicity, language, or religion as non homogenous countries will have many people with different characteristics. The difference in these traits can make building a common identity more difficult. Various Ethnic characteristics can affect building a political community because one ethnicity may follow certain rules while another may not. Language is a major challenge because if everyone in a country can’t agree on a main language or more it can cause communication misunderstandings between people and government officials. Religion has various impacts on states as some make their laws based on religion and a difference of religion can be a motive for war or terrorism while other states have more religious tolerance.

Question 28

What are the causes and consequences of economic development?

Answer 28

Economic Development is caused by switching from agricultural jobs to more industrialized jobs. As more jobs become available in the city, people move from rural areas to urban and suburban places. Factories create economic growth meaning people are able to generate more income and have better life conditions. Higher education also generates economic growth because it allows the people to make things that will benefit the state. The cons of economic development is that the state may not always distribute their new resources fairly with the citizens. This causes poverty in some places while others flourish. Another consequence is population growth, as the expectancy of life goes up the older population grows as much as the younger population. This is a consequence because too much population growth can strain the resources of a country to the point where they have to restrict the amount of children born. The last consequence is an attack on the environment. Factories and industrialization produce a lot of pollution that can harm the air and water making the living conditions worse for the citizens.

Question 29

What are the causes and consequences of democratization?

Answer 29

The causes of democratization are technological advances, a decline of authoritarian rule, and social modernization. Economic advances help increase democratization as a democracy is more stable in affluent countries. People also want to participate in government so they also influence democratization. The consequences of democratization are that it helps provide human rights and civil freedoms such as allowing women to be educated and work.

Question 30

How does globalization contribute to economic development and democratization?

Answer 30

Globalization helps economically as products are able to be made cheaper and in higher quantities. This also leads to a larger market for consumers to use and an increase in employment opportunities. Globalization impacts democratization and societies as more people come from outside places and interact with other cultures. Developing states will want to imitate systems of more affluent states as they become more economically advanced. This could mean a spread of human rights in those developing countries.

Question 31

What are the potential positive and negative outcomes of government activity?

Answer 31

The potential positives of government activity are in the way they help their citizens. By building a national and political community, the people feel more secure and more involved in their state by helping themselves and the government. Having a state with protections influences the citizens to stay there instead of running in the threat of danger. When the citizens have their rights protected it encourages them to create more products and invest their time and money. As the government promotes fair economic competition as well as sharing public goods, the citizens may feel more compelled to participate in the economic growth of the country. Social justice makes sure that everyone is treated fairly and the government helps protect the citizens that can’t help themselves such as the elderly and children. The negative outcomes of government activity are when they harm the citizens. For example, breaching human rights do not make the citizen feel safe or protected. If the economic state is based on a monopoly, it does not make the less rich citizens want to participate in the economic growth of the country as the wealthy hold the most control.If government officials only do things for their own personal gain, the people can not be involved with the decisions that affect their lives. Many decisions will not be in the best interest of the people.