Chapter 1- 1.5 Flashcards
1
Q
Anterior
A
In front of
2
Q
Posterior
A
In back of
3
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to the trunk
4
Q
Distal
A
Further from the trunk
5
Q
Dorsal
A
Toward the back side of the body
6
Q
Ventral
A
Toward the belly side of the body
7
Q
Superior
A
Closer to the head
8
Q
Inferior
A
Closer to the feet
9
Q
Cranial (Cephalic)
A
Toward the head end
10
Q
Caudal
A
toward the rear/tail end
11
Q
Rostral
A
Toward the nose/mouth
12
Q
Medial
A
towards the midline of the body
13
Q
Lateral
A
away from the midline
14
Q
Ipsilateral
A
on the same side
15
Q
Contralateral
A
On the opposite side
16
Q
Deep
A
Closer to the inside
17
Q
Superficial
A
closer to the outside
18
Q
Positions
A
Supine, and Anatomic
19
Q
Supine
A
lying down on your back or spine
20
Q
Anatomic
A
Upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor. Upper limbs at the sides of the body palms facing forward, head is level and eyes are looking to the front
21
Q
Sections
A
Imply a cut/slice to expose the internal anatomy
22
Q
Plane
A
Implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.
23
Q
3 major anatomic planes
A
Midsaggital, Transverse, Coronal
24
Q
Coronal plane
A
AKA Frontal plane, a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior. (Cuts through the crown of the head)
25
Transverse plane
AKA Horizontal plane or Cross-Sectional plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior. (Cuts through umbilical)
26
Midaggital plane
AKA median plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.
27
Sagittal plane
Similar to midsagittal but halves do not have to be equal.
28
Oblique planes
Minor anatomic planes which pass through a structure at an angle
29
2 Main regions of regional anatomy
Axial and Appendicular
30
Axial region
Head neck and trunk
31
Appendicular region
Upper and lower limbs
32
Abdominal
Inferior to thorax and superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones
33
Antebrachial
Forearm (elbow to wrist)
34
Antecubital
Front of the elbow aka cubital region
35
Auricular
Visible surface of the structure of the ear
36
Axillary
Armpit
37
Brachial
Arm (elbow to shoulder)
38
Buccal
Cheek
39
Calcaneal
Heel of the foot
40
Carpal
Wrist
41
Cephalic
Head
42
Cervical
Neck
43
Coxal
Hip
44
Cranial
Skull
45
Crural
Leg (knee to ankle)
46
Deltoid
Shoulder
47
Digital or Phalangeal
Fingers/Toes
48
Dorsal/Dorsum
Back
49
Facial
Face
50
Femoral
Thigh
51
Fibular
Lateral (further from midline) aspect of the leg
52
Frontal
Forehead
53
Gluteal
Buttocks
54
Hallux
Big toe
55
Inguinal
Groin/Crease of the thigh with the trunk
56
Lumbar
"Small of the back"
57
Mammary
Breast
58
Mental
Chin
59
Nasal
Nose
60
Occipital
Posterior aspect of the head
61
Olecranal
Back part of the elbow
62
Oral
Mouth
63
Orbital
Eye
64
Palmar
Palm
65
Patellar
Kneecap
66
Pectoral
Chest (includes mammary)
67
Pelvic
Pelvis
68
Perineal
Between thighs, includes anus and genitalia
69
Pes
Foot
70
Plantar
Sole of foot
71
Pollex
Thumb
72
Popliteal
Area posterior to the kneecap
73
Pubic
Anterior region of the pelvis
74
Radial
Lateral aspect (thumb side in anatomic) of forearm
75
Sacral
Posterior region between the hip bones
76
Scapular
Shoulder blade
77
Sternal
Sternum
78
Sural
Calf (posterior part of the leg)
79
Tarsal
Ankle
80
Thoracic
Thorax (pectoral, sternal and axillary regions)
81
Tibial
Medial aspect of the leg
82
Ulnar
Medial aspect of forearm (pinky side)
83
Umbilical
Navel
84
Vertebral
Spine
85
Cavity
Where an internal organ/organ system is housed, enclosed space
86
2 major cavities
Ventral cavity and posterior aspect
87
Posterior aspect
Contains cavities that are completely incased in bone and are physically/developmentally different from the ventral cavity. Is divided into two enclosed activities, Cranial and Vertebral.
88
Cranial Cavity
Formed by the bones of the cranium, aka endocranium. It houses the brain.
89
Vertebral Cavity
Formed by the bones of the vertebral column. The vertebral canal houses the spinal cord.
90
Ventral Cavity
Larger, Anteriorly placed cavity in the body. Subdivisions don't completely incase their organs in bone. Is divided by the thoracic diaphragm into a superior thoracic cavity and an inferior abdominopelvic cavity. It is lined with thin serous membranes, unlike the posterior aspect.
91
Serous membranes
A continuous layer of cells. Forms 2 layers, Parietal and Visceral.
92
Parietal layer
Typically lines the internal surface of the body wall
93
Visceral layer
Covers the external surface of the organs within that cavity.
94
Serous cavity
A space between the two layers which can become bigger under certain physiological/pathological conditions
95
Serous fluid
A liquid secreted by the serous cavity which helps reduce friction inside the body
96
Mediastinum
space between the lungs which contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart.
97
Serous pericardium
The two-layered serous membrane that encloses the heart.
98
Parietal Pericardium
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium which forms a sac around the heart
99
Visceral Pericardium
Forms the heart's external layer
100
Pericardial Cavity
The serous cavity between the parietal and visceral layers. Contains serous fluid.
101
Pleura
The two-layered serous membrane in the right and left sides of the thoracic cavity which houses the lungs.
102
Parietal Pleura
The outer layer which lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall
103
Visceral pleura
Covers the surface of each lung.
104
Pleural cavity
The serous cavity between the visceral and parietal pleura. Contains serous fluid.
105
Abdominopelvic cavity
Consists of an Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity.
106
Abdominal cavity
Superior to the pelvic brim of the hip bones. Contains most of the digestive organs as well as the kidneys and most of the ureters.
107
Pelvic cavity
Inferior to the pelvic brim. Contains the distal part of the large intestine, the remainder of the ureters, the urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs.
108
Peritoneum
2 layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity.
109
Visceral peritoneum
Covers the surfaces of most abdominal and pelvic organs
110
Parietal peritoneum
Lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.
111
Peritoneal Cavity
The serous cavity of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains Serous fluid.
112
9 Abdominopelvic regions
1. Umbilical region
2. Epigastric region
3. Hypogastric region
4. L & R Hypochondriac
5. L & R Lumbar
6. L & R Iliac
113
Umbilical Region
Named after the navel. Center Middle region
114
Epigastric Region
Epi means above and gastric means stomach. So Epigastric is Center Top.
115
Hypograstic Region
Hypo means below and gastric means stomach. So Hypogastric is Center Bottom.
116
L & R Lumbar
Middle left and right
117
L & R Iliac
Bottom left and right
118
L & R Hypochondriac
Hypo means under and chondriac means cartilage so it is under the rib cartilage. Top left and right
119
4 Quadrants
Right upper Q
Left upper Q
Right lower Q
Left lower Q
