Chapter 1- 1.4

Question 1

Characteristics of all living things

Answer 1

1. Organization; complex structures and order
2. Metabolism: The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the body. Consists of anabolism and Catabolism.
3. Growth and development; increased size/specialization
4. Responsiveness; detect and react to stimuli
5. Regulation; adjusts internal bodily functions as a response
6. Reproduction
7. Hereditary/DNA
8. Adaptation

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

The process in which molecules are joined to form larger molecules

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

The process in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, the opposite of anabolism.

Question 4

6 levels of increasingly complex organizations in humans

Answer 4

1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system level
6. Organismal level

Question 5

Chemical level

Answer 5

The simplest of the 6 levels. Involves atoms, molecules, macromolecules and organelles.

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

Part of the chemical level. They are the smallest units of matter that exhibit characteristics of an element.

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

Part of the chemical level. When 2 or more atoms combine.

Question 8

Macromolecule

Answer 8

Part of the chemical level. A more complex molecule

Question 9

Organelles

Answer 9

Part of the chemical level. Specialized microscopic subunits in cells formed by macromolecules.

Question 10

Cellular level

Answer 10

Consists of cells. Formed from atoms and molecules from the chemical level. The structure of cells varies widely based on their specializations.

Question 11

Cells

Answer 11

The smallest living structures which serve as the basic units of structure and function in organisms.

Question 12

Tissue level

Answer 12

Consists of the 4 major types of tissues.

Question 13

Tissues

Answer 13

groups of similar cells that perform common functions

Question 14

4 major types of tissue

Answer 14

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 15

Epithelial tissue

Answer 15

Covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

Question 16

Connective tissues

Answer 16

Protects, supports, and binds structures and organs

Question 17

Muscle tissues

Answer 17

Produces movement

Question 18

Nervous tissue

Answer 18

conducts nerve impulses for communication

Question 19

Organ level

Answer 19

Composed of organs that contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

Question 20

Organ system level

Answer 20

Multiple related organs which work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.

Question 21

Organismal level

Answer 21

All systems function interdependently in an organism, which is the living person

Question 22

11 Organ systems

Answer 22

1. Integumentary
2. Muscular
3. Endocrine
4. Lymphatic
5. Urinary
6. Male/ Female Reproductive
7. Skeletal
8. Nervous
9. Cardiovascular
10. Respiratory
11. Digestive

Question 23

Integumentary system

Answer 23

Provides protection, regulates body temp, site of cutaneous receptors/glands, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss

Question 24

Skeletal system

Answer 24

Provides support and protection, site of blood cell production, stores calcium and phosphorus, and provides sites for ligament and muscle attachment

Question 25

Muscular system

Answer 25

Produces body movement, and generates heat when muscles contract.

Question 26

Nervous system

Answer 26

The regulatory system that controls muscles and some glands, responds to sensory stimuli and helps control all other systems. Also responsible for consciousness.

Question 27

Endocrine system

Answer 27

Glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones. maintain homeostasis of blood composition/volume, control digestive processes, and control reproductive functions.

Question 28

Cardiovascular System

Answer 28

Consists of the heart and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases and pick up waste products

Question 29

Lymphatic system

Answer 29

Transports and filters lymph and may participate in an immune response

Question 30

Respiratory system

Answer 30

Responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

Question 31

Urinary system

Answer 31

Filters the blood to remove waste products and biologically active molecules, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

Question 32

Digestive system

Answer 32

Mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Question 33

MALE Reproductive system

Answer 33

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (i.e. testosterone), also transfers sperm.

Question 34

FEMALE Reproductive system

Answer 34

Produces female sex cells (ocytes) and female hormones (i.e. Estrogen and Progesterone). Receives sperm, site of fertilization of ocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus, produces/secretes breast milk for nourishment of newborn