chapter 1 Flashcards
describes the structures of the body and the relationships among other body parts
anatomy
the study of functions of anatomical structures
physiology
anatomical information provides clues about functions and physiological processes can be explained in terms of anatomy
interrelationship between anatomy and physiology
human anatomy can be divided into what 2 sections
gross (macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy
examines large, visible structures
can be conducted without microscope
includes: surface, regional, systemic, clinical, developmental
gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
what time of anatomy examines cells and molecules
major subdivisions of (_) include cytology and histology
microscopic anatomy
study of cells
cytology
study of tissues
histology
cell, organ, systemic, and pathological
subgroups of human physiology
visible, objective evidence of the presence of a disease
sign
abnormality of function as a result of disease
subjective experience of patient
symptoms
physicians use the scientific method to reach a diagnosis by evaluating observations by
1) forming a hypothesis
2) testing hypothesis by collecting and analyzing data
identify major levels of organization from simplest to most complex
atoms and molecules
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
oraganism
terms related to the body in health and disease
medical terminology
involves locating structures on or near the body surface
surface anatomy
structure that can be felt or palpated
anatomical landmarks
lying down face up
supine
lying down face down
prone
anterior
toward the front
posterior
toward the back
superior
toward the hesd
inferior
toward the tail
proximal
closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
distal
away from the point of attachment
medial
toward the midline of the body
lateral
further from the midline
superficial
closer to the surface
deep
father below the surface
protect organs from shocks and impacts
permitting significant changes in size and shape of internal organs
functions of body cavities
how many sets of cavities are within in the axial portion of human body
2
the dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior)
the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the
thoracic anemia abdominopelvic cavities separated by the diaphragm
3 major serous membranes
pleural (lung)
pericardial (heart)
peritoneal (abdomen)
which body cavity contains heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity are the
pleural and pericardial cavities
internal organs enclosed by membranes are known as
viscera
portion of a serous membrane that directly covers a visceral organ is called
visceral
the outer layer lining the organ is called
parietal layer
which organs are housed in the abdominal cavity
the liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large intestine
which organs are houses in the pelvic cavity
bladder, reproductive organs, and a small portion of the large intestine
serous membrane (serosa)
lines boys cavities and covers organs
upper portion of thoracic cavity filled with connective tissue supporting blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus
mediastinum (
what cavities make up the abdominopelvic cavity
the abdominal cavity, the pelvic cavity, and the peritoneal cavity
chamber within the abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
peritoneal membrane called the parietal peritoneum is the
outer layer enclosing the abdominal organs
peritoneal membrane called the visceral peritoneum is the
inner layer that covers the abdominal organs
what cavity ranges from the diaphragm to the top of pelvic bones
the abdominal cavity
which body cavity contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder, rectum
pelvic cavity
the study of structures of an organ system
systemic anatomy
study of disease
pathology
serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
term describes organs outside peritoneal cavity
retroperitoneal
what are the two regulatory systems in the body
nervous and endocrine
homeostatic regulation where adjustment is done without input from the nervous or endocrine system
autoregulation
responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems
extrinsic regulation
