Chapter 1 Flashcards
Behavioral Neuroscience is…
(aka physiological psychology or biological psychology) the biological foundations of behavior
Dualism
Mind and body are separate
Monism
The mind is produced by the workings of the body (nervous system) because everything consists of matter/energy
Who believed that thoughts and emotions came from the heart?
Ancient Egyptian, Indian, Greek and Chinese cultures
What did Galen believe?
Realized that the brain has important influence on emotions and thoughts
What did Descartes believe?
Believed that humans and animals were basically machines; our behavior is controlled by environmental stimuli and reflexes (ie. turning our heads when we hear someone open the door)
What did Descartes believe about dualists?
He hypothesized that the mind and brain were separate but could interact through the pineal gland (because it was the only structure in the brain that was not mirrored)
What did Galvani discover?
He used electricity to make dead frogs’ legs contract, showing that the nervous system sends messages to our muscles and allows us to move
What did Muller find?
That all nerves carry the same message but they are interpreted differently based on the part of the brain in which they were received
Who believed that “the brain was functionally divided”?
Muller
What did Flourens do?
He studied functional divisions (localization) using experimental ablation or lesions (finding the function of a brain structure by destroying it and seeing what happens)
What did Broca find?
Used logic of “experimental ablation” (lesions) to study brain damage, found localization of speech function
What did Fristch and Hitzig find?
Found localization of motor function, discovered contralateral organization (zapped one side of the brain to observe motion on other side of the body)
Who is the father of modern neuroscience?
Cajal
What did Cajal find?
Found that neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and are separate from one another (used staining technique)
