Chapter 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of life

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

The basic units of matter

Question 3

Molecules

Answer 3

atoms combine to form molecules, which join to form larger molecules called macromolecules

Question 4

cell

Answer 4

the smallest, most basic unit of life

Question 5

multicellular

Answer 5

containing more than one cell

Question 6

the step by step of combining

Answer 6

tissue, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 7

species

Answer 7

a group of similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding

Question 8

population

Answer 8

all the members of one species in a particular area

Question 9

community

Answer 9

the populations of the species and plants in an area

Question 10

ecosystem

Answer 10

the community of populations that interact with the physical environment

Question 11

biosphere

Answer 11

all the earth’s ecosystems

Question 12

energy

Answer 12

the capacity to do work and it takes work to maintain the organization of the cell and the organism

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Question 14

photosynthesis

Answer 14

a process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy of organic nutrient molecules

Question 15

homeostasis

Answer 15

a state of biological balance

Question 16

what makes something living?

Answer 16

1. Maintain homeostasis
2. respond
3. reproduce and develop
4. have adaptations

Question 17

reproduce

Answer 17

the ability to make another organism like itself

Question 18

development

Answer 18

the process of the union of a sperm and egg into becoming an adult

Question 19

genes

Answer 19

genetic instructions

Question 20

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 20

dna provides the blueprint for the organization and metabolism of the particular organism

Question 21

mutations

Answer 21

inheritable changes in the genetic informationa

Question 22

adaptations

Answer 22

modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment

Question 23

evolution

Answer 23

the way in which populations of organisms change over the course of many generations to become more suited to their environments

Question 24

natural selection

Answer 24

the process by which living organisms are descended from a common ancestor

Question 25

taxonomy

Answer 25

the discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

Question 26

systematics

Answer 26

the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 27

taxa

Answer 27

the basic classification categories (Did King Philip Come Over For Good Soup?): Domain, (supergroup), kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 28

Three domains

Answer 28

1. domain bacteria
2. domain archaea
3. domain eukarya

Question 29

prokaryotes

Answer 29

lack the membrane bound nucleus

Question 30

eukaryotes

Answer 30

have a membrane bound nucleus

Question 31

domain eukarya divided into 4 kingdoms

Answer 31

1. Protista: protists
2. Plantae: plants
3. Animalia: animals
4. Fungi: fungi

Question 32

supergroup

Answer 32

used to describe evolutionary relationships

Question 33

binomial nomenclature

Answer 33

assigning each living organism a two-part name called a scientific name. First word is the genus, second the species.

Question 34

scientific method

Answer 34

a standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge that is widely accepted among scientists

Question 35

observation

Answer 35

a formal way of “seeing what happens”

Question 36

inductive reasoning

Answer 36

when a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole

Question 37

hypothesis

Answer 37

an informed statement that can be tested in a manner suited to the proccesses of science

Question 38

experiment

Answer 38

a series of procedures designed to collect data for the purpose of testing a hypothesis

Question 39

deductive reasoning

Answer 39

uses if then logic

Question 40

prediction

Answer 40

an expected outcome, based on knowledge of the factors in the experiment

Question 41

experimental design

Answer 41

ensures that scientists are examining the contribution of a specific variable, called the experimental variable, to the observation. the result is termed the responding variable, or dependent variable

Question 42

control group

Answer 42

a test group is exposed to the experimental variable, but the control group is not