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Operating System > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In ……………………, If the active server fails, the hot-standby node becomes the active server

A

Asymmetric clustering

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2
Q

Composed of two or more individual systems (or nodes)

A

Clustered system

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3
Q

The ……….. synchronizes access to the shared memory

A

memory controller

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4
Q

The CPU and the device controllers can execute in parallel
(T/F)

A

True

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5
Q

………… systems are multiprocessor systems

A

Multicore

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6
Q

One chip with multiple cores uses less power than multiple single-core chips
(T/F)

A

True

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7
Q

EEPROM can be changed but not frequently
(T/F)

A

True

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8
Q

……….. loads the registers within the device controller

A

Device driver

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9
Q

A simple program stored in ROM or EEPROM

A

Bootstrap Program

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10
Q

Each interrupt has a corresponding service routine (or handler)
(T/F)

A

True

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11
Q

On-chip communication is slower than between-chip communication
(T/F)

A

False

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12
Q

Only the operating system can execute in ……….. mode

A

kernel

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13
Q

Locate the kernel, load it into memory, and start its execution

A

Bootstrap Program

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14
Q

Each computer architecture has a predefined set of interrupts
(T/F)

A

True

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15
Q

CPU can be viewed as …………… It acts as the manager of resources and decides how to allocate them to specific programs and users

A

resource allocator

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16
Q

First appeared in servers but recently appeared on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers

A

Multiprocessor Systems

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17
Q

In asymmetric clustering, One node is in …………. monitoring the active server

A

hot-standby mode

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18
Q

Third step in instruction execution cycle:
…………… the instruction, which may store the result back in memory

A

Execute

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19
Q

The use of ………….. microprocessors is common and does not turn a single-processor system into a multiprocessor

A

special-purpose

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20
Q

………. can be installed to improve access time or transfer rate

A

Caches

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21
Q

The CPU interacts with …… using load or store instructions

A

RAM

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22
Q

Main memory can store all programs and data permanently
(T/F)

A

False

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23
Q

It is also known by the general term firmware

A

Bootstrap Program

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24
Q

…………. refers to the use of high-speed memory to hold a copy of recently-accessed data assuming that it will be needed again soon

A

Caching

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25
Q

A general-purpose computer system consists of CPUs and multiple device controllers connected through a …………

A

common bus

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26
Q

………….. is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is off

A

RAM

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27
Q

A ………… has a local buffer storage and a set of registers

A

device controller

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28
Q

In symmetric clustering, An application can run concurrently on all cluster nodes using ……………

A

parallelization

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29
Q

In …………….., Two or more general-purpose processors in close communication,
sharing bus, clock, memory, and peripheral devices

A

Multiprocessor Systems

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30
Q

……… mode provide more privileges than user but fewer than kernel

A

VMM

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31
Q

The interrupt vector is stored in low memory and holds the addresses of the interrupt service routines (or …………..)

A

interrupt handlers

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32
Q

CPU can be viewed as …………… It controls the I/O devices and manages the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer

A

control program

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33
Q

In ……………, Worker processors look to the boss for instruction or have predefined tasks.

A

Asymmetric multiprocessing

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34
Q

Increased throughput is an advantage of …………….

A

Multiprocessor systems

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35
Q

………….. requires a mechanism to allow the failure to be detected, diagnosed, and, if possible, corrected

A

Fault tolerance

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36
Q

RAM is usually too small to store all needed programs and data
(T/F)

A

True

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37
Q

A ……………… processor supports a limited instruction set

A

special-purpose

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38
Q

instructions to modify the content of the timer are ……….

A

privileged

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39
Q

In ……………., No boss-worker relationship

A

Symmetric multiprocessing

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40
Q

In ……………………, All processors are peers, where each processor can perform any task

A

Symmetric multiprocessing

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41
Q

The load instruction moves a word from ………. to ……….

A

RAM, a CPU register

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42
Q

All instructions that may cause harm are deigned as ………….

A

privileged

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43
Q

Supports high-availability service, where a node failure does not stop service

A

Asymmetric clustering

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44
Q

A ……….. is generally implemented by a fixed-rate clock and a counter

A

timer

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45
Q

In ………….., The boss processor schedules and allocates work to the worker processors.

A

Asymmetric multiprocessing

46
Q

……………… can continue operation despite of failures

A

Fault tolerant systems

47
Q

In ……….., Device controller transfers an entire block of data directly between its local buffer and main memory, with no intervention by the CPU

A

device memory access

48
Q

Also known as loosely-coupled systems

A

Clustered system

49
Q

an advantage of multiprocessor systems is ………. means failure of one processor will not halt the system, but only slows it down

A

Increased reliability

50
Q

Define the ways in which resources are used to solve user problems

A

Application programs

51
Q

In ……………, Each node may be a single processor system or a multicore system

A

Clustered system

52
Q

The CPU can load instructions only from the main memory
(T/F)

A

True

53
Q

Clustered computers share storage and are closely linked via a ………….

A

LAN

54
Q

A software-generated interrupt (or trap) occurs by executing a ……….

A

system call

55
Q

………….. processor can execute user processors

A

general-purpose

56
Q

Each device controller controls a specific type of devices
(T/F)

A

True

57
Q

In direct access memory, …………… generates only one interrupt per block, to inform the device driver, rather than one interrupt per byte

A

Device controller

58
Q

……………….. multiprocessing used by most systems

A

Symmetric

59
Q

A software-generated interrupt (or ……….) occurs by executing a system call

A

trap

60
Q

……….. are not associated with the operating system

A

Application Programs

61
Q

Supports high performance computing better than multiprocessor systems

A

Symmetric clustering

62
Q

……….. ensures that an update to some data in a cache is
reflected immediately in other caches containing a copy of that data

A

Cache coherency

63
Q

……….. processors include device-specific processors, such as disk, keyboard, and graphics controllers

A

Special-purpose

64
Q

A ………… interrupt (or trap) occurs by executing a system call

A

software-generated

65
Q

In I/O operation, ………….. determines action to take based on registers

A

Device controller

66
Q

………… are associated with the operating system

A

System programs

67
Q

The interrupt vector is stored in low memory and holds the addresses of the ………….. (or interrupt handlers)

A

interrupt service routines

68
Q

…………. divides a program into separate components to run in parallel

A

Parallelization

69
Q

…………….. = kernel + system programs

A

Operating system

70
Q

A …………. interrupt occurs by sending a signal to the CPU

A

hardware-generated

71
Q

The main requirement for …………. is to be able to hold large quantities of data permanently (e.g. hard disk drive)

A

secondary storage

72
Q

In I/O operation, ………… transfers data between device and its local buffer

A

Device controller

73
Q

The interrupt handler must be executed when the interrupt occurs
(T/F)

A

True

74
Q

A single processor system has only one ………. processor

A

general-purpose

75
Q

……………. is the ability to continue providing service proportional to the level of surviving hardware

A

Graceful degradation

76
Q

most computer systems provide ………. as an extension of main memory

A

secondary storage

77
Q

This scheme defines a boss-worker relationship

A

Asymmetric multiprocessing

78
Q

A ……… can be set to interrupt the system after a specified period

A

timer

79
Q

…………. processor cannot execute user processor

A

special-purpose

80
Q

More efficient than multiple chips with single cores

A

Multicore Systems

81
Q

Second step in instruction execution cycle:
………… the instruction, which may require fetching operands from
memory and store them in some CPU internal registers.

A

Decode

82
Q

Increased reliability is crucial in many applications
(T/F)

A

True

83
Q

Bootstrap Program is also known by the general term ……….

A

firmware

84
Q

User defined code must execute in ………. mode

A

user

85
Q

In I/O operation, ………….. generates an interrupt to inform the device driver

A

Device controller

86
Q

More processors means less work in more time
(T/F)

A

False

87
Q

A ………….. processor supports a complete instruction set

A

general-purpose

88
Q

The ……….. is stored in low memory and holds the addresses of the interrupt service routines (or interrupt handlers)

A

interrupt vector

89
Q

Multiple computing cores on a single chip

A

Multicore Systems

90
Q

……. needs privileges so it can create and manage virtual machines

A

VMM

91
Q

The ………….. is responsible for moving the data between the peripheral devices that it controls and its local buffer storage

A

device controller

92
Q

The operating system provides a ………. that understands the device controller and provides a uniform interface to the device

A

device driver

93
Q

All multiprocessor systems are multicore systems
(T/F)

A

False

94
Q

The store instruction moves the content of a ………… to ……….

A

CPU register, RAM

95
Q

Provides basic computing resources

A

Hardware

96
Q

Sometimes, different modes are used by various kernel cT/F)

A

True

97
Q

An ……….. is a signal that is generated when some event occurs

A

interrupt

98
Q

A ………… indicates the current mode: kernel (0) or user (1)

A

mode bit

99
Q

In ………………, While the device controller is transferring a whole data block, the CPU is available to accomplish other work

A

direct access memory

100
Q

In ………………., Two or more nodes are running applications and are monitoring each other

A

Symmetric clustering

101
Q

Protects the operating system from errant users

A

Dual-Mode Operation

102
Q

ROM can be changed
(T/F)

A

False

103
Q

Controls the hardware and coordinates its use among the application programs

A

Operating system (OS)

104
Q

…………. can execute only in kernel mode

A

Privileged instructions

105
Q

The ……… is the one program running at all times

A

Kernel

106
Q

Initialize all aspects of the system (e.g. CPU, memory).

A

Bootstrap Program

107
Q

Also known as parallel systems or tightly-coupled systems

A

Multiprocessor Systems

108
Q

an advantage of multiprocessor systems is ………. means sharing peripherals, mass storage, and power supplies means less cost

A

Economy of scale

109
Q

First step in instruction execution cycle:
………. the instruction from memory and store it in the CPU’s instruction register

A

Fetch

110
Q

The main memory (or RAM) is implemented as ……….

A

DRAM

Operating System (4 decks)

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