Chapter 1

Question 1

Ad hoc immunizing hypothesis

Answer 1

Loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect it from falsification

Question 2

Bandwagon fallacy

Answer 2

Assuming a claim because many people believe it

Question 3

Behaviourism

Answer 3

Learning by looking at observable behaviour

Question 4

Belief perseverance

Answer 4

Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them

Question 5

Bias blind spot

Answer 5

Unaware of personal biases, but aware of other people’s biases

Question 6

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 6

Relation between brain function and thinking

Question 7

Cognitivism

Answer 7

Understanding behaviour through thinking

Question 8

Confirmation bias

Answer 8

Tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny any that contradicts them

Question 9

Correlation-causation fallacy

Answer 9

Assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other

Question 10

Emic approach

Answer 10

Study of behaviour of a culture from pov of someone who grew up in the culture

Question 11

Emotional reasoning fallacy

Answer 11

Using our emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim

Question 12

Etic approach

Answer 12

Study of behaviour of a culture from pov of an outsider

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

Understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics

Question 14

Levels of psychological analysis

Answer 14

Social culture
Psychological
Biological

Question 15

Metaphysical claims

Answer 15

assertion about the world that is not testable
Eg. god, afterlife

Question 16

Naive realism

Answer 16

The belief that we see the world precisely as it is

Question 17

Not me fallacy

Answer 17

Believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking

Question 18

Occam’s razor

Answer 18

Select the simpler, less complex explanation

Question 19

Pseudoscience

Answer 19

Set of claims that seems to be scientific but isn’t

Question 20

Psychoanalysis

Answer 20

Internal psychological (unconscious) processes
Eg. impulses/thoughts/memories

Question 21

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 21

The fact that we mutually influence each others behaviour

Question 22

Replicability

Answer 22

When a studies findings can be duplicated consistently

Question 23

Structuralism

Answer 23

Identify the basic elements of psychological experience

Question 24

Terror management theory

Answer 24

Underlying sense of terror we cope with by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews