Chapter 1 Flashcards
Ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
Loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect it from falsification
Bandwagon fallacy
Assuming a claim because many people believe it
Behaviourism
Learning by looking at observable behaviour
Belief perseverance
Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
Bias blind spot
Unaware of personal biases, but aware of other people’s biases
Cognitive neuroscience
Relation between brain function and thinking
Cognitivism
Understanding behaviour through thinking
Confirmation bias
Tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny any that contradicts them
Correlation-causation fallacy
Assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other
Emic approach
Study of behaviour of a culture from pov of someone who grew up in the culture
Emotional reasoning fallacy
Using our emotions as guides for evaluating the validity of a claim
Etic approach
Study of behaviour of a culture from pov of an outsider
Functionalism
Understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics
Levels of psychological analysis
Social culture
Psychological
Biological
Metaphysical claims
assertion about the world that is not testable
Eg. god, afterlife
Naive realism
The belief that we see the world precisely as it is
Not me fallacy
Believing that we’re immune from errors in thinking
Occam’s razor
Select the simpler, less complex explanation
Pseudoscience
Set of claims that seems to be scientific but isn’t
Psychoanalysis
Internal psychological (unconscious) processes
Eg. impulses/thoughts/memories
Reciprocal determinism
The fact that we mutually influence each others behaviour
Replicability
When a studies findings can be duplicated consistently
Structuralism
Identify the basic elements of psychological experience
Terror management theory
Underlying sense of terror we cope with by adopting reassuring cultural worldviews
