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Psych 104 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the mind and behaviour

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2
Q

Empirical Method

A

A method for acquiring knowledge based on observation or experimentation rather than forms of logical argument or previous authorities

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3
Q

Introspection

A

A process by which a person examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible, also called internal perception

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4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

First person to be referred to as a psychologist
Distinguished psychology as a discipline separate from physiology and philosophy
Believed in introspection and voluntarism
Believed the goal of psychology was to identify the components of consciousness and how those components combined to result in our conscious experience

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5
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Founder of structuralism
Student under Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

Psychological discipline focused on the the function of behaviour in the world
Interested in the operation of the whole mind rather than of its individual parts
Developed by William James (first American psychologist)

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7
Q

Structuralism

A

Psychological discipline focused on the contents of mental processes rather than their function

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8
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Austrian neurologist fascinated with hysteria (symptoms with no physical cause)
Developed idea of unconscious mind
Father of psychoanalytic theory

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9
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

Repository of feelings and urges of which we have no awareness
Studied by analyzing dreams, slips of the tongue and the first words that come to mind

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10
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Theory focusing on the role of a person’s unconscious and their early childhood experiences

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11
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Developed by Wertheimer, Koffka and Kohler
Gestalt means ‘whole’
Argues that the individual parts of a sensory experience are less important to perception than how the parts relate to each other as a whole
Contradicts structuralism

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12
Q

Conditioned Reflex

A

Developed by Ivan Pavlov
An unconscious response to a stimulus that over time is associated with a different stimulus that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus
Dogs salivating at the sound of a bell
Classical conditioning

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13
Q

John B Watson

A

Focused on studying observable behaviour and trying to bring behaviour under control
Criticized study of consciousness
Father of behaviourism

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14
Q

Behaviourism

A

Shift in the focus of psychology from the mind to behaviour
Desire to observe and control behaviour

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15
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Focused on how behaviour was affected by its consequences
Developed an operant conditioning chamber (chamber which allowed study of behaviour through reinforcement and punishment) also known as Skinner box

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16
Q

Humanism

A

Pioneered by Rogers and Maslow
Perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good innate to all humans
Response to behaviourism (reductionist) and psychoanalysis (deterministic)

17
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Part of the cognitive revolution
Dissatisfied with behaviourism (short-sighted)
Believed psychology needed to re-incorporate mental functioning to understand behaviour

18
Q

Feminist Psychology

A

Initially women were very underrepresented in the field of psychology
Re-evaluating the contributions of women to psychology
Studying psychological gender differences

19
Q

Multicultural Psychology

A

WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) societies have been over studied
Theories and research on diverse cultures within one country

20
Q

Cross-Cultural Psychology

A

Theories and research on diverse cultures in different countries

21
Q

APA

A

American Psychological Association
Largest psychological association in the world
Goal is to advance psychological knowledge for the betterment

22
Q

APS

A

Association for Psychological Science
Seeks to advance the scientific orientation of psychology

23
Q

Biopsychology

A

Explores how biology influences our behaviour
Combine research from physiologists and psychologists

24
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Seeks to understand the ultimate biological causes of behaviour
Impact of genetics and environment on behaviour

25
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Focuses on studying cognition/thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions
Created during the cognitive revolution

26
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The scientific study of development across a lifespan
Interested in physical maturation

27
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Focuses on patterns of thought and behaviours that make each individual unique
Research involves quantitatively measuring personality traits

28
Q

Social Psychology

A

Focuses on how people relate and interact with others
Research how we view our own actions versus the actions of others
Milgram’s study on authority figures

29
Q

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

A

Field of psychology that applies psychological theories and findings in industrial/organizational settings

30
Q

Health Psychology

A

Focuses on the effect of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors on health (the biopsychosocial model)

31
Q

Sport and Exercise Psychology

A

Study the psychological aspects of sport performance (motivation, performance anxiety, etc.)

32
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behaviour

33
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Similar to clinical psychology except for people considered psychologically healthy

34
Q

Forensic Psychology

A

Psychology as it relates to the criminal justice system

35
Q

PhD

A

Doctor of philosophy degree
Need to complete a dissertation
Emphasis on research
Employed at university

36
Q

PsyD

A

Doctor of Psychology Degree
Individuals pursuing clinical psychology
Application of psychological principles

Psych 104 (2 decks)

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