Chapter 1 Flashcards
The scientific study of human and animal behaviour.
Psychology
General framework for scientific study; smaller aspects can be tested.
Theory
Those who study the origin, cause, or result of certain behaviours.
Research Psychologists
Those who make direct use of the findings of research psychologists; deal directly with clients.
Applied Psychologists
The process of looking into yourself and describing what is there.
Introspection
The process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems.
Eclecticism
Viewing behaviour as the result of nervous system functions and biology.
Neurobiological Approach
Another word for Neurobiological Approach.
Neurobiology
View behaviour as the product of learning and associations.
Behavioural Approach
Another word for Behavioural Approach.
Behaviourism
Believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves.
Humanistic Approach
Another word for humanistic approach.
Humanism
A system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces.
Psychoanalysis
Emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics.
Cognitive Approach
Another word for cognitive approach.
Cognitive psychology
Behaviour viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures.
Sociocultural Approach
Another word for sociocultural approach?
Sociocultural Psychology
His theory in the mid-1800s suggested that animal studies might help us understand human.
Charles Darwin
Started the first human psychology laboratory in 1879. He tried to break the human mind down into basic parts, but both our complexity and the need for introspection kept him from reaching his goal.
Wilhelm Wundt
Wrote an important early psychology textbook. He tried to understand how we humans function and adapt to our environment.
William James
Developed a comprehensive theory of personality. His emphasis was on unconscious conflicts in early childhood.
Sigmund Freud
Studied the effect of learning on emotions. He wrote a book on child rearing based on his ideas
John B. Watson
Sees behaviour as mostly influenced by bodily and chemical processes.
Neurobiologists
Sees us as creatures who are formed and controlled by what we learn and the associations we make. (an example of someone is B.F. Skinner.)
Behaviourists
Sees people as basically good and able to achieve almost anything. For them, each of us is special and in control of his or her destiny. (An example of someone is Carl Rogers).
Humanists
Find us controlled by unconscious impulses, especially sex and aggression. (An example of someone is Sigmund Freud)
Psychoanalysts
Focus most on the thinking brain, which can talk itself into (and out of) almost any belief or behaviour.
Cognitivists
Emphasizes the influence of specific cultures on attitudes and behaviours.
Sociocultural psychologists
Behaviour includes..
One’s attitudes, thoughts, physical and emotional changes.
The “father of psychology” is
Wilhelm Wundt
One of the founders of American psychology was..
William James
The process for studying humans used by Wundt is called
Introspection
The most famous behaviourist today is..
B.F. Skinner
An approach to human behaviour which came into being in reaction to behaviourism is the..
Humanistic Approach
The psychologist who suggested that humans be studied as complete wholes was..
William James
The psychologist who emphasized the positive side of human nature was..
Carl Rogers
Those who believe we are the product of associations are..
behaviourists
Type of psychology which studies the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviours.
Behaviour
