chapter 1

Question 1

what is chemistry

Answer 1

the study of matter and the changes it undergoes with the atom being its basic functional unit it is also the study of 2 comp, structure, properties, and reaction of matter.

Question 2

what is matter

Answer 2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 3

what 3 types is it classified into

Answer 3

element, compound, and molecule

Question 4

what is an element

Answer 4

the simplest type of matter that is composed of 1 type of atom

Question 5

what is a compound

Answer 5

matter composed of 2 or more diff elements that are chemically bonded together

Question 6

what is a mixture

Answer 6

matter composed of elements and or compounds that are physically mixed together

Question 7

what is a physical change

Answer 7

changes in the physical state of a substance without a change in composition ( what its made of)

Question 8

examples of physical changes include

Answer 8

dissolving of a solute and mixing a substance

Question 9

what are examples of dissolving a solute

Answer 9

chopping , cutting, tearing, breaking a material

Question 10

what is an example of mixing a substance

Answer 10

crushing it

Question 11

which change is a physical change
a. wood burning
b. iron rusting
c. dynamite exploding
d. dissolving sugar in water

Answer 11

d. dissolving sugar

Question 12

which of the following is a chemical change
a. melting wax
b. cooking an egg
c. condensing water vapor
d. carving a piece of wood

Answer 12

b. cooking an egg
ie if were burning cooking or baking were changing the chemical bonds

Question 13

pure substance

Answer 13

is in the classification of matter: single composition

Question 14

is an element separable into simpler substance

Answer 14

NO examples O2

Question 15

Is a compound separatable into simpler substances

Answer 15

yes examples H20 can be separated

Question 16

mixtures

Answer 16

are a variable composition in the classification of matter

Question 17

is heterogenous mixtures in a uniform comp

Answer 17

No it is not it is comp of diff sub like oil and water

Question 18

is homogenous mixs in a uniform comp

Answer 18

yes it is for example air because it is comp of alot of diff things but it all looks the same to us

Question 19

consider the following subs
1. Gatorade
2. crystalline sugar
3. lead wire
4. salsa

Answer 19

when it comes to classification of matter thing of it in terms of comp then we can separate into categories
2 and 3 1 is a homogenous

Question 20

which of the following is true
a. compounds can only be broken by chemical means
b. gasoline is a pure substance
c. only elements are pure substances.
d. milk is a homogenous
e. concrete is homogenous

Answer 20

a. compounds can only be broken by chemical means

Question 21

choose the homogenous mix
1. soda
2. smog
3. trail mix
4. blood
5. air

Answer 21

air

Question 22

choose the homogenous mix
a. chicken noodle soup
b. coffee
c. sand
d. fruit salad
e. seawater

Answer 22

coffee

Question 23

classify each of the following as an element, compound , or mixture
a. ammonia NH3
b. gold bar
c. orange juice
d.wine
e.saline solution

Answer 23

q. compound
b. element
c.mixture
d.mixture
e. mixture

Question 24

basically what is a chemical change

Answer 24

it changes the identity of your substance

Question 25

examples of chemical changes

Answer 25

rusting of metal burning of material metabolism of food chemical reactions color change odor change

Question 26

which of the following is a physical change a. milk sours when left out of the fridge b. tums ( has CaCO3) neutralizes stomach acid c. sugar caramelizing when heated on a skillet d. tearing a piece if paper

Answer 26

d. tearing a piece of paper

Question 27

what is a reversible change

Answer 27

a change that can be reversed to restore the original structure of a given compound

Question 28

examples of reversible changes include

Answer 28

phase changes, dissolving of compounds in a liquid,and physical changes most common ex of a phase change is CO2 (s) to CO2 (g)

Question 29

bond forming phase change is

Answer 29

molecules within our substance are coming closer together and forming connections

Question 30

gas to liquid is called

Answer 30

condensation

Question 31

liquid to solid is called

Answer 31

freezing

Question 32

gas to solid is called

Answer 32

deposition because your depositing a solid

Question 33

bond breaking is

Answer 33

can break bonds going through the diff phases of matter

Question 34

solid to liquid is called

Answer 34

melting or fusion

Question 35

liquid to gas is called

Answer 35

vaporization

Question 36

solid to gas

Answer 36

is called sublimation

Question 37

irreversible change is

Answer 37

something that is permanent cannot be undone to restore original structure

Question 38

irreversible changes deal with

Answer 38

chemical changes that change the identity of our original material ex - N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) to 2NH3 (g) the result is chemically bonded it is an irreversible process

Question 39

are the following processes reversible (physical change) or irreversible (chemical change)? a. dissolving sugar in water b. adding lemon juice to cabbage juice (causes the color to transition from purple to deep red) c. adding citrus to baking powder d. mixing oil and water

Answer 39

a. reversible b. irreversible c. irreversible d. reversible

Question 40

which of the following represents a reversible change? a. melting a chocolate bar then re solidifying it in the freezer b. changing water vapor into oxygen and hydrogen gas c. turning a potato into french fries d. baking a cake from a recipe

Answer 40

a. melting a chocolate bar then freezing it

Question 41

a chemical property is

Answer 41

a property of matter that is observed during a chemical reaction. the matter us changed into a new substance after the reaction. ex - 2 CH3OH (g) + 3O2 (g) to 2CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)

Question 42

reactants are

Answer 42

are before the arrow 2 CH3OH (g) + 3O2 (g) arrow 2CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)

Question 43

products are

Answer 43

after the arrow are products 2 CH3OH (g) + 3O2 (g) arrow 2CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g)

Question 44

chemical properties

Answer 44

are in some way related to chemical reactions (changes)

Question 45

common types of chemical properties

Answer 45

flammability, toxicity, corrosion, reactivity, radioactivity, solubility ( how are solid compound the liquid and solid how they interact with one another) if its soluble its broken down by liquid

Question 46

which of the following is not a chemical property for an unknown element ? a. it has a yellow orange color b. it is very soluble in an acid solution c. it is radioactive d. it experiences rusting when exposed to pure oxygen gases e. it has a high reactivity with acids

Answer 46

a.

Question 47

which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas? a. it exists as a gas at room temperature b. it is less dense than air c. it reacts explosively with oxygen gas d. it is a colorless gas e. it is a tasteless molecule

Answer 47

c. it reacts explosively with oxygen gas

Question 48

what is a substance

Answer 48

just another word for matter

Question 49

what is a chemical

Answer 49

a substance that always has the same comp and properties wherever it is found. ex - toothpaste is an ex of many chemicals

Question 50

what is structure

Answer 50

how it is put together

Question 51

what are properties

Answer 51

what characteristics it has

Question 52

what are reactions

Answer 52

how it behaves with other substances

Question 53

which of the following does not contain chemicals a. sunlight b. fruit c. milk d. breakfast cereal

Answer 53

a. is correct because its energy given off by sun so has no chemicals

Question 54

what is scientific method

Answer 54

a set of general principle's that helps to describe how a scientist thinks

Question 55

how is the scientific method organized

Answer 55

observations, hypothesis, expieriments, conclusion/theory

Question 56

how are observations made

Answer 56

by asking questions about nature about what you observe if an observation seems to be always true can be stated as a law but we cannot always see why this law happens

Question 57

what is a hypothesis

Answer 57

a possible explanation for observations

Question 58

what are experiments

Answer 58

to determine if hypothesis is true or not to see correlation between the hypothesis and observation can confirm it but if not can be modified or discarded

Question 59

what is a conclusion/theory

Answer 59

when results of an experiment is analyzed a conclusion tells us whether they are true or false

Question 60

identify the following as a observation, hypothesis, experiment, or conclusion, a. during an assessment nurse writes a patients pulse as 30 bpm b. repeated studies show that lowering sodium in the diet leads to decrease in bp c. a nurse thinks an incision from a surgery that is red and swollen is infected

Answer 60

a. observation b. conclusion c. hypothesis

Question 61

place value ex

Answer 61

ones place value is first to the left of decimal tens is 2nd hundreds is 3rd and thousands is 4th

Question 62

place value tenths ex

Answer 62

tenths is 1st to right of decimal hundredths is 2nd to right and thousandths is 3rd to right

Question 63

what is place value for each digit 0.925

Answer 63

9 is in tenths 2 is in hundredths and 5 is in thousandths

Question 64

how to calc percentage

Answer 64

divide the parts by the total (whole) and multiply by 100% ex - 325 mg of asprin / 545 mg tablet X 100 = 59.6 %of asprin in tablet

Question 65

why is the value of 100% used in the calculation of percentage?

Answer 65

because it represents parts of an item in 100 of those items. ex - 5% of red balls 5/100

Question 66

solving equations 2x+8=14

Answer 66

place all like terms on one side, isolate variable you need to solve for, then check answer

Question 67

what is scientific notation

Answer 67

used to turn small or large numbers into manage numbers

Question 68

what is a coefficient of 6.88 x 10^-12

Answer 68

beginning part of the value that is greater than 1 and less than 10 in this case it's 6.88

Question 69

what is the base of 6.88 x 10^-12

Answer 69

the portions that is always 10

Question 70

what is the exponent of 6.88 x 10^-12

Answer 70

the number of decimals that were moved in order to create the scientific notation value -12 must be a whole number integer

Question 71

which of the following is correct a.1.25 x 10 ^-1/4 b.0.00320 x 10 ^-9 c.5.220 x 10 ^3 d.7.3000 x 2^7

Answer 71

c. 5.220 x 10 ^3

Question 72

what is standard notation

Answer 72

normal way of writing number

Question 73

what does a positive exponent tell you

Answer 73

it means the coefficient number is larger and the decimal point is moved to the right ex - 7.17 x 10^5 = 717,000

Question 74

what does a negative exponent tell you

Answer 74

it means the coefficient number is smaller and the decimal is moved to the left ex - 3.25 x 10 ^-7 = .000000325

Question 75

convert the following values into standard notation a.1.25 x 10^-4 b.3.20 x 10 ^-9 c.1.6100x 10 ^4

Answer 75

a. .000125 b. .00000000320 c. 16,100

Question 76

to convert from standard notation to scientific notation the number must be

Answer 76

between 1 and 10

Question 77

increasing the coefficient value makes the exponent value ex - 0.0000145

Answer 77

decrease ex - answer 1.45 x 10 ^-5

Question 78

decreasing the coefficient value makes the exponent value ex -

Answer 78

increase answer ex - 1.01325000 x 10^8

Question 79

Convert the following standard notation values into scientific notation. a. 377,000 b. 0.000101 c. 707.82

Answer 79

a. 3.77000 x 10^5 b. 1.01 x 10^-4 c. 7.0782 x 10^2