Chapter 1

Question 1

Naming covalent vs ionic compounds

Answer 1

Covalent:
use prefixes
end second element in -ide

Ionic:
use roman numerals in ()
end second element in -ide

Question 2

determining homogeneous vs heterogeneous mixtures from compound

Answer 2

aqueous compounds are ALWAYS homogeneous mixtures

sand (s) and water (aq) for example is ALWAYS heterogeneous

Question 3

determining physical vs chemical change

Answer 3

Creating something new/changing chemical composition (like burning): chemical change

Visibly see a change/can go back to previous form (like freezing): physical

Question 4

is… a physical or chemical property?
odor
toxicity
flammability
density
malleability
boiling point

Answer 4

odor: P
toxicity: C
flammability: C
density: P
malleability: P
boiling point: P

Question 5

which has more PE (stored nrg): solid or gas?

Answer 5

solids have more stored energy/ PE

Question 6

where does heat transfer

Answer 6

heat always moves from where it’s hot to where it’s not.

if two objects are next to each other and one is cold one is hot then heat will move from hotter to colder object until they have the same temp.

Question 7

how do you calculate the total NRG of an object?

Answer 7

Total NRG= Kinetic NRG + Potential NRG

energy is never lost just converted from KE –> PE or PE –> KE

Question 8

Energy vs work

Answer 8

energy: the capacity to do work
work: action of a force through a distance

Question 9

what does the weight of an object measure? what does mass measure?

Answer 9

mass: measures the quantity OF matter within it

weight: the gravitational pull ON its matter

Question 10

sig figs when adding/subtracting vs multiplying/dividing

Answer 10

add/sub: least number of dec. places
mult/div: least number of sig figs

ROUND AT THE VERY END!!

Question 11

scientific law vs theory

Answer 11

law: states how it behaves (summarizes past observations and predicts future ones)

theory: states why it’s happening not merely how it behaves

Question 12

pure substances vs mixtures

Answer 12

PS: ELEMENT (cannot be broken down into simpler substances includes diatomic**) or COMPOUND (fixed proportion of DIFF elements)

Mixture: Homo (same composition throughout) and hetero (composition varies)

Question 13

BP and FP of water in C and K
what’s absolute zero?

Answer 13

BP: 100 C and 373 K
FP: 0 C and 273 K

absolute zero: -273 C and 0 K

Question 14

extensive property

Answer 14

property that depends on the amount of the substance

ex: volume and mass

Question 15

derived unit

Answer 15

combination of other units

ex: volume, density, speed

Question 16

what is uncertainty and how do you calculate the uncertainty of a measuring instrument?

Answer 16

uncertainty is how much a measurement varies around an already-measured value

how to calculate: plus or minus (±) half the smallest scale division

ex: for a thermometer with a mark at every 1.0°C, the uncertainty is ± 0.5°C

Question 17

estimated digit

Answer 17

if marker on a measuring instrument goes by 0.1, 0.2, etc. then the estimated digit would be the number in 0.01, 0.02, etc.

Question 18

exact numbers

Answer 18

have no uncertainty

Question 19

random vs systematic error

Answer 19

random: unpredictable, usually human errors–equal probability of being too high or too low

systematic: problem in measurement system–tends toward being EITHER too high or too low

Question 20

precision vs accuracy

Answer 20

precision: how close a series of measurements are to ONE ANOTHER

accuracy: how close the measured values are to the actual value

Question 21

converting units raised to a power

Answer 21

raise both the number AND the unit to the power
ex:
2in –> ((2)^2)in^2 –> 4in^2

Question 22

prefixes 1-10

Answer 22

mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octo
nona
deca

Question 23

space filling models

Answer 23

represent electron clouds

Question 24

metals that form cations with different charges

Answer 24

CCC L TMI

Copper (l)
Copper (ll)

Cobalt (ll)
Cobalt (lll)

Chronium (ll)
Chronium (lll)

Led (ll)
Led (lV)

Tin (ll)
Tin (lV)

Mercury (l)
Mercury (ll)

Iron (ll)
Iron (lll)