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Principles of Information Systems > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Business analytics

A

The extensive use of data and quantitative analysis to support fact-based decision making within organizations.

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2
Q

Business Intelligence (BI)

A

A wide range of applications, practices, and technologies for the extraction, transformation, integration, visualization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data to support improved decision making

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3
Q

consumerization of IT

A

The trend of consumers technology practices influencing the way business software is designed and delivered.

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4
Q

Data scientist

A

A person who understands the business analytics technology, while also recognizing the limitations of their data, tools, and techniques; a data scientist puts all of this together to deliver real improvements in decision making with an organization.

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5
Q

database

A

An organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.

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6
Q

Electronic business

A

The use of information systems and networks to perform business-related tasks and functions beyond those performed for e-commerce.

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7
Q

enterprise IS

A

An information system that an organization uses to define structured interactions among its own employees and/or with external customers, suppliers, government agencies, and other business groups.

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8
Q

group IS

A

An information system that improves communications and support collaboration among members of a workgroup.

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9
Q

hardware

A

Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities.

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10
Q

Internet

A

The world’s largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.

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11
Q

Internet of Everything

A

A network that encompasses not only machine-to-machine but also people-to-people and people-to-machine connections.

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12
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

A network of physical objects or “things” embedded with sensors, processors, software, and network connectivity capability to enable them to exchange data with the manufacturer of the device, device operations, and other connected devices.

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13
Q

knowledge

A

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

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14
Q

Knowledge Management System (KMS)

A

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that stores and retrieves knowledge sources, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the knowledge management process.

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15
Q

Mobile commerce

A

The buying and selling of goods and/or services using a mobile device, such as a tablet, smartphone, or other portable device.

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16
Q

network

A

A group or system of connected computers and equipment- in a room, building, campus, city, across the country, or around the world- that enables electronic communication.

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17
Q

organizational complement

A

A key component that must be in place to ensure successful implementation and use of an information system.

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18
Q

personal IS

A

An information system that improves the productivity of individual users in performing stand-alone tasks.

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19
Q

process

A

A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.

20
Q

Public Cloud Computing

A

A means of providing computing services wherein a service provider organization owns and manages the hardware, software, networking, and storage device, with cloud user organizations (called tenets) accessing slices of shared resources via the internet.

21
Q

technology infrastructure

A

All the hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

22
Q

transaction

A

Any business-related exchange such as a payment to an employee, a sale to a customer, or a payment to a supplier.

23
Q

transaction processing system (TPS)

A

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, data-bases, and devices used to process and record business transactions.

24
Q

computer-based information system (CBIS)

A

A single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

25
Q

cybercriminal

A

A computer hacker who is motivated by the potential for monetary gain

26
Q

data warehouse

A

A database that stores large amounts of historical data in a form that readily supports analysis and management decision making

27
Q

management information system

A

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers

28
Q

procedure

A

A set of steps that need to be followed to achieve a specific end result, such as enter a customer order, pay a supplier invoice, or request a current inventory report.

29
Q

project

A

A temporary undertaking to create a unique product, service, or result

30
Q

enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

A

A system that supports an organization’s routine business processes, maintains records about those processes, and provides extensive reporting and data analysis capabilities

31
Q

information silo

A

An isolated information system not easily capable of exchanging information with other info systems

32
Q

information system (IS)

A

A set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and disseminate data and information; and information system provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives

33
Q

big data

A

A term used to describe data collections that are so enormous (think petabytes or larger) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are incapable of dealing with them.

34
Q

cyberterrorism

A

The intimidation of a government or a civilian population by using information technology to disable critical national infrastructure to achieve political, religious, or ideological goals.

35
Q

data

A

Raw facts such as an employee number or total hours worked in a week

36
Q

digital divide

A

The gulf between those who do and those who don’t have access to modern information and communications technology (smartphones, personal computers, or the Internet)

37
Q

e-commerce

A

involves the exchange of money for goods and services over electronic networks and encompasses many of an organization’s outward-facing processes - such as sales, marketing, order taking, delivery, procurement of goods and services, and customer service - that touch customers, suppliers, and other business partners

38
Q

extract-transform-load (ETL)

A

The process which raw data is extracted from various sources, transformed into a format to support the analysis to be preformed, and loaded into the data warehouse

39
Q

information

A

A collection of data organized and processed so that it has additional value beyond the value of the additional facts

40
Q

internet censorship

A

The control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information of the Internet.

41
Q

open source software

A

Software that is distributed for free, with access permitted to the source code so that it can be studied, changed, and improved by software professionals at the various user organizations - with no maintenance charges

42
Q

software

A

The computer programs that govern the operation of a particular computing device, be it desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone, or some other device.

43
Q

system acquisition

A

The process used to obtain the information system resources needed to provide the services necessary to meet a specific set of needs

44
Q

system development

A

The activity of building information systems to meet users’ needs

45
Q

extranet

A

A network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s extranet

46
Q

intranet

A

A network that enables communication, collaboration, search functions, and information sharing between the members of an organization’s team using a Web browser

47
Q

World Wide Web (WWW)

A

A network of links on the Internet to files containing text, graphics, video, and sound

Principles of Information Systems (2 decks)

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