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Unit 1 Chapter 3 Cells > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What caused interest in early medicine?

A

Injuries and disease

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2
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the human body

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3
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of the functions of the human body

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4
Q

Levels of organisms?

A

Cell, Tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

How does Anatomy relate to physiology?

A
  1. The hand is adapted for grasping
  2. The ears for receiving sound waves
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Growth, reproduction, responsiveness, movement, metabolism, respiration, digestion, circulation, excretion

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7
Q

What are the requirements of organisms?

A

Environmental factors: water, food, oxygen, heat and pressure

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8
Q

Facts about Chemicals as a environmental factor.

A

Chemical:
Water:
•most abundant substance in the body
•environment for metabolic process
•required for transport of substances
•regulation of body temperature
Food:
•provides necessary nutrients to supply energy
Oxygen:
•releases energy from food

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9
Q

What is heat? What does it do?

A

• a form of energy
•helps maintain body temperature
•partly controls rate of metabolic reactions

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10
Q

What is pressure?

A

•application of force on an object
•Atmospheric pressure - important for breathing
•Hydrostatic pressure- keeps blood flowing

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11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

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12
Q

What is homeostatic mechanics?

A

Self-regulating systems that monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct them as needed.

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13
Q

What are the 3 major parts of homeostatic mechanisms?

A

Receptor: detects and provides information about the stimuli
Control Center: decision marker that maintains the set point
Effector: muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment

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14
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

• most common type of homeostatic mechanism
• Effectors return condition, toward normal range, and the deviation from setpoint lessens
• Call negative because the response to the change moves the variable in opposite direction of the deviation from the set point
• Prevent sudden severe changes in the body
• Examples, negative feedback, controls, body temperature, blood pressure and glue close levels in the blood

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15
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

• uncommon feedback mechanism in the body
• the change intensified instead of reversed
• activity or effector is increased initially instead of decreasing
• short-lived
• produce unstable conditions, that seem like they will not lead to homeostasis, but they will
• examples, blood clotting, and the uterine contractions of childbirth

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16
Q

The human body consist of what two main portions?

A

Axial portion: head, neck and trunk, appendicular portion: upper and lower limbs

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17
Q

What are the major body cavities of the axial portion?

A

• cranial cavity: house is the brain
• vertebral canal: contains the spinal cord
•thoracic cavity: houses the lungs and thoracic viscera
•abdominopelvic cavity: contains the abdominal and pelvic viscera

18
Q

What small cavities are found in the head?

A

Oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavities , middle ear cavities

19
Q

What lines the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

A

A double layered serious membrane: •consist of two layers:
the visceral layer(inner layer, which covers the organs)
The parietal layer( outer layer, which lines the wall of cavity)
Ex: visceral and parietal pleura/ around the lungs in thorax

20
Q

What is the Integumentary System?

A

Body coverings, protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of vitamin D

21
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

It supports the body and aids in movement, framework, protection, attachment sites, storage of inorganic salt, production of blood cells

22
Q

What is muscular system?

A

It provides support and movement, main source of body heat, and posture

23
Q

What is Nervous system?

A

Integration and coordination of organ functions through nerve impulses and neurotransmitters, rapid short term effects

24
Q

What is endocrine system?

A

Integration and coordination of organ functions through chemical messengers called hormones, slower, longer lasting effects

25
Q

What is cardiovascular systems ?

A

Transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, hormones and waste

26
Q

What is lymphatic system?

A

Transportation of fluids from tissue space to blood, carries fats from digestive system to blood, and defends body from infection

27
Q

What is Digestive system?

A

Receives food, breaks down food, absorbs digestion products, excretes waste

28
Q

What is respiratory system?

A

Moves air in and out of body, exchanges gases between blood and air, absorbs oxygen

29
Q

What is urinate system?

A

Removes blood wastes, regulates electrolytes and water balance and blood pressure, produces urine and excretes it by transporting it to outside of body

30
Q

What is reproductive system?

A

Male and female systems produce and transport sex cells, produce hormones, and produce new like organisms. Also for female it provides fetal development and childbirth.

31
Q

What are life span changes?

A
  1. Hair loses pigment
  2. Skin wrinkles
  3. Joints develop stiffness
  4. Metabolic rate decreases
32
Q

What is Anatomical Position:

A

Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward

33
Q

What are the body sections:

A

Sagittal, Transverse, Coronal, cross, oblique, longitudinal

34
Q

What is sagittal section:

A

A longitudinal cut that divides the body into left and right portions

A mid-sag/ median is when both portions are equal
A para-sag is when are the are unequal

35
Q

What is a transverse section:

A

Divides body into superior and inferior parts

Top and bottom

36
Q

What is coronal section:

A

A longitudinal cut that divides body into anterior and posterior portions

37
Q

Cross section:

A

A cut across the structure

38
Q

What is oblique section:

A

An angular cut

39
Q

What is longitudinal section:

A

A lengthwise cut

40
Q

What are the quadrants of regions?

A

Right upper Quadrant
(RAU)
Left upper Quadrant
(LUQ)
Right lower Quadrant
(RLQ)
Left lower Quadrant
(LLQ)

41
Q

What are the abdominal regions?

A

Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Right lateral region
Umbilical region
Left lateral region
Right Inguinal region
Pubic region
Left inguinal region

Unit 1 Chapter 3 Cells (3 decks)

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