Chapter 1 Flashcards
Chapter 1 of "Parenting: A Dynamic Perspective" by G. Holden
What term means, “How new members of a group are assisted by more experienced group members to internalize, and thereby act in accord with, the values, attitudes, beliefs, and actions of that group.”
Socialization
What are the six fundamental tasks of parenting?
Ensuring safety and sustenance, Stimulating and instructing, Giving socioemotional support, Monitoring and surveillance, Structuring, Providing social connectedness
Who based his thesis on paintings depicting children as adultlike, as if they were simply miniaturized adults?
Ariès
What types of individuals have primarily influenced Western conceptions about socialization and parenting?
Philosophers, Religious Leaders, Physicians, (more recently) Psychologists
Many influential religious leaders taught that children were born with “________” and parents needed to train and/or punish them out of it.
original sin
Puritan society often used “_________” as a disciplinary method.
shaming
Many influential figures believed and taught that men held the most authority and responsibility, known as “_________.”
patriarchy
John Locke dismissed the concept of original sin and instead believed children were born as a “_________.”
blank slate
Watson’s extreme environmentalism perspective meant that he believed “______” far outweighed the role of “______” in determining how a child turns out.
nature, nurture
The killing of newborns or infants is called “_______.”
infanticide
The killing of one’s own child is called “_______” and was not uncommon in ancient Roman culture.
filicide
This term refers to the view that family members are mutually reliant upon each other.
interdependence
Early research on parenting focused on how parental love or discipline related to a child’s behavior. (T/F)
True
Research of parenting across cultures has shown that parenting expectations and practices have pretty much always been the same. (T/F)
False
Child fatality rates have increased dramatically over time. (T/F)
False
Before laws against it were put in place, it was common for very young children to work at jobs with long hours, low pay, and hazardous conditions. (T/F)
True
Which country is the only one in the world that has not ratified the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child?
United States
Parents can play a large role in their children’s “_______,” the process of becoming an autonomous person.
individuation
Lay theories, also known as “________,” are informal and unscientific theories that reflect conventional wisdom.
ethnotheories
Our current understanding of parenting is based on research from a diverse mix of disciplines, including…
psychologists, anthropologists, biologists, educators, family life educators, pediatricians, physicians, social workers, sociologists, and many others
Anyone on the “_______” can offer an opinion on everything, which often results in the spread of ideas with no reasonable basis.
Internet
Child labor is no longer a large social concern in the U.S., except in the area of “________.”
agriculture/farming
“_________,” or the study of historical writings, reveals that infancy and childhood has always been a hazardous period of life.
Historiography
This ancient Greek philosopher developed a stage theory about children and their proper care and recognized the individuality of each child.
Aristotle
