Chapter 1

Question 1

What term means, “How new members of a group are assisted by more experienced group members to internalize, and thereby act in accord with, the values, attitudes, beliefs, and actions of that group.”

Answer 1

Socialization

Question 2

What are the six fundamental tasks of parenting?

Answer 2

Ensuring safety and sustenance, Stimulating and instructing, Giving socioemotional support, Monitoring and surveillance, Structuring, Providing social connectedness

Question 3

Who based his thesis on paintings depicting children as adultlike, as if they were simply miniaturized adults?

Answer 3

Ariès

Question 4

What types of individuals have primarily influenced Western conceptions about socialization and parenting?

Answer 4

Philosophers, Religious Leaders, Physicians, (more recently) Psychologists

Question 5

Many influential religious leaders taught that children were born with “________” and parents needed to train and/or punish them out of it.

Answer 5

original sin

Question 6

Puritan society often used “_________” as a disciplinary method.

Answer 6

shaming

Question 7

Many influential figures believed and taught that men held the most authority and responsibility, known as “_________.”

Answer 7

patriarchy

Question 8

John Locke dismissed the concept of original sin and instead believed children were born as a “_________.”

Answer 8

blank slate

Question 9

Watson’s extreme environmentalism perspective meant that he believed “______” far outweighed the role of “______” in determining how a child turns out.

Answer 9

nature, nurture

Question 10

The killing of newborns or infants is called “_______.”

Answer 10

infanticide

Question 11

The killing of one’s own child is called “_______” and was not uncommon in ancient Roman culture.

Answer 11

filicide

Question 12

This term refers to the view that family members are mutually reliant upon each other.

Answer 12

interdependence

Question 13

Early research on parenting focused on how parental love or discipline related to a child’s behavior. (T/F)

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Research of parenting across cultures has shown that parenting expectations and practices have pretty much always been the same. (T/F)

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Child fatality rates have increased dramatically over time. (T/F)

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Before laws against it were put in place, it was common for very young children to work at jobs with long hours, low pay, and hazardous conditions. (T/F)

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which country is the only one in the world that has not ratified the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child?

Answer 17

United States

Question 18

Parents can play a large role in their children’s “_______,” the process of becoming an autonomous person.

Answer 18

individuation

Question 19

Lay theories, also known as “________,” are informal and unscientific theories that reflect conventional wisdom.

Answer 19

ethnotheories

Question 20

Our current understanding of parenting is based on research from a diverse mix of disciplines, including…

Answer 20

psychologists, anthropologists, biologists, educators, family life educators, pediatricians, physicians, social workers, sociologists, and many others

Question 21

Anyone on the “_______” can offer an opinion on everything, which often results in the spread of ideas with no reasonable basis.

Answer 21

Internet

Question 22

Child labor is no longer a large social concern in the U.S., except in the area of “________.”

Answer 22

agriculture/farming

Question 23

“_________,” or the study of historical writings, reveals that infancy and childhood has always been a hazardous period of life.

Answer 23

Historiography

Question 24

This ancient Greek philosopher developed a stage theory about children and their proper care and recognized the individuality of each child.

Answer 24

Aristotle