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PSY111 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study and practical application of observable behavior and mental processes of organisms.

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2
Q

Different Types of Behavior

A

Overt and Covert

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3
Q

Different Types of Behavior

A

Conscious, Unconscious and Non-conscious

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4
Q

Different Types of Behavior

A

Rational and Irrational

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5
Q

Different Types of Behavior

A

Voluntary and Involuntary

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6
Q

Different Types of Behavior

A

Simple and complex

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7
Q

Aims and Goals

A

Describe
Explain
Predict
Control

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8
Q

Psychology predicts any future actions of an individual and at the same time based on the state of cognition of the subject involved.

A

Prediction

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9
Q

detailed characterization of a certain phenomenon which can be presented and is a means for further utilization of the study.

A

Description

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10
Q

Psychology influences the alteration of behavior of the individual. It further tends to change a certain trait, idea and beliefs of the individual.

A

Control

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11
Q

Psychology understands the involvement of the organization of facts about behavior, development of reasons pertaining to the different relationships among observed behavior, and finally, arriving at reasonable principles and paradigms in explaining behavior.

A

Explanation

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12
Q

an individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world around him

A

Humanistic

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13
Q

Focuses on the realms of human perception, thought, and memory

A

Cognitive Psychology

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14
Q

Looks for connection between observable behavior and stimuli from the environment

A

Behaviorism

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15
Q

John Dewey, William James, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr

A

Functionalism

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16
Q

Jean Piaglet

A

Cognitive Psychology

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17
Q

Literally means “to confuse” or “to form or pattern”

A

Gestalt

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18
Q

First school of thought and introduced ideas associated with experiences

A

Structuralism

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19
Q

Stressed the importance of the environmental’s behavior.

A

Behaviorism

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20
Q

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler

A

Gestalt

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21
Q

Believe in both free will and the uniqueness of the individual

A

Existential

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22
Q

Function of the mind

A

Functionalism

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23
Q

behavior is determined by powerful inner forces, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind.

A

Psychoanalysis

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24
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis

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25
Q

John Watson, B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov

A

Behaviorism

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26
Q

Wilhelm Wundt & Edward B.Titchener

A

Structuralism

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27
Q

the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior

A

Abnormal Psychology

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28
Q

Focused on the pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique

A

Personality Psychology

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29
Q

seeks to explain and
understand social behavior and looks at diverse topics including group behavior, social interaction, leadership, nonverbal communication and social influences on decision-making.

A

Social Psychology

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30
Q

Counselors, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists often work directly in this field

A

Abnormal Psychology

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31
Q

Essentially, it is the gods and spirits who were attributed to be the direct cause of events and activities of man

A

Animism

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32
Q

Animism

A

Ancient Period

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33
Q

the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior

A

Abnormal Psychology

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34
Q

Greek Period

A

Democritus
Plato
Aristotle
Hippocrates
Gallen

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35
Q

Methods of Psychology

A

 Qualitative and Descriptive Research
 Survey Questionnaires
 Longitudinal Studies
 Neuropsychological Methods

36
Q

The most common way of explaining the behavior during ancient times.

A

Animism

37
Q

Theorized that human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system

A

Democritus

38
Q

utilizes scientific methods to research the brain and behavior

A

Experimental Psychology

39
Q

Believed that soul is distinct to man and it is God-given. Thus, it inhibits the body as “knower”, “thinker”, and “determiner” of the individual’s actions

A

Plato

40
Q

Element of Reason (in the Head) Spirited Element (in the Heart)
Element of bodily appetites and desires (in thediaphragm)

A

Plato’s Elements of Psyche

41
Q

Considered as the father of Psychology

A

Aristotle

42
Q

3 Functions of Soul

A

Vegetative, Appetitive, Rational

43
Q

Brain is merely a gland and would perform minor functions

A

Aristotle

44
Q

Father of Medicine

A

Hippocrates

45
Q

He first theorized that mental disorders arose from natural causes.

A

Hippocrates

46
Q

He theorized the relation of temperament to physiological factors

A

Gallen

47
Q

Behavior may be attributed to the “humors” or vital juices of the body or the bile.

A

Gallen

48
Q

Sanguine
Phlegmatic
Melancholic
Choleric

A

– yellow bile – cheerfulness
– green bile – sluggishness (laziness)
– black bile – sadness
– red bile – irascibility

49
Q

Medieval Period

A

St. Augustine of Hippo
St. Thomas of Aquinas

50
Q

He combined Greek Platonic thought with Christian thinking and introduced the method of introspection.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

51
Q

A Catholic Saint

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

52
Q

Merged Aristotle’s idea that the mind is a living matter to his idea of immortality

A

St. Thomas of Aquinas

53
Q

Pre-modern Period 1

A

Rudolf Gockel (1547 – 1628)
Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626)
Rene Descartes (1649)
Thomas Hobbes (1651)
John Locke (1690)

54
Q

Pre-modern Period 2

A

George Berkeley (1709)
David Hume (1748)
Franz Anton Mesmer (1774)
Immanuel Kant (1782)
Johann Friedrich Herbart (1816)

55
Q

Pre-modern Period 3

A

Ernst Weber (1817)
Hermann von Helmholtz (1856)
Charles Darwin (1859)
Paul Broca (1861)
Francis Galton (1865)

56
Q

German scholastic philosopher◦
he is often attributed for the initial use of the term “psychology” in his writing

A

Rudolf Gockel (1547 – 1628

57
Q

He proposed that psychology should be separated from philosophy and psychology should be treated as natural science.

A

Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626)

58
Q

Introduced the idea of dualism and the concept of reflex action which indicates that the mind and body interact

A

Rene Descartes (1649)

59
Q

Human beings are physical objects and sophisticated machines whose functions and activities can be described and explained in purely mechanistic terms.

A

Thomas Hobbes 1651

60
Q

Each of us is motivated to act in such ways as we believe likely to relieve our discomfort ,to preserve, and to promote our own well-being

A

Thomas Hobbes (1651)

61
Q

Tabula Rasa – at birth, the mind is blank tablet that gathers its contents through the experiences that an individual will have in his entire life.

A

John Locke (1690)

62
Q

Your ideas become the only reality therefore, the idea of an individual becomes true only to himself because this is the level of knowledge that he believes in.

A

George Berkeley (1709)

63
Q

Difference between impressions and ideas
Difference between created images and direct sensation.

A

David Hume (1748)

64
Q

Utilized the method “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria.

A

Franz Anton Mesmer (1774)

65
Q

◦ Father of Behavioral Genetics
◦ He introduced the idea of individual differences

A

Francis Galton in 1865

66
Q

Stated that the mind is NOT blank, rather, the mind is capable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experiences.

A

Immanuel Kant (1782)

67
Q

Responsible for making psychology as a science

A

Johann Friedrich Herbart (1816)

68
Q

Pioneered areas about the ideas that it is necessary to be stimulated in order to be able to gain sensation.

A

Ernst Weber (1817)

69
Q

Theory of color vision The eye can only see the basic colors and the other colors that can be seen is a product of mixture of different colors.

A

Hermann von Helmholtz (1856)

70
Q

Theory of Evolution – indicated that man evolved from primitive species. He also introduced the concept of Natural Selection

A

Charles Darwin (1859)

71
Q

Observed that persons who suffered from damage to specific area of the brain’s left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently.

A

Paul Broca (1861)

72
Q

Modern Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wudnt (1879)
William James
Emil Kraeplin
Edward Titchener

73
Q

◦ Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
◦ Father of modern/Scientific Psychology
◦ Used scientific methods in studying phenomenon of the consciousness,
◦ Period in which scientific psychology was officially born.

A

Wilhelm Wudnt (1879)

74
Q

Founder of American Psychology
Met with Wilhelm Wundt and went on to publish a two volume book entitled Principle of Psychology

A

William James

75
Q

German psychiatrist
First person to formally describe bipolar disorder
He coined the term “manic depressive” to explain how mania and depression both affect the patient.

A

Emil Kraeplin

76
Q

Studied under Wilhelm Wundt and went on to develop the idea of Structuralism.

A

Edward Titchener

77
Q

Contemporary Psychology

A

Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
Charles Spearman
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
B.F. Skinner

78
Q

Father of Psychoanalysis – who underwent a thorough study of the unconscious mind and developed the psychoanalytic process of free association

A

Sigmund Freud

79
Q

He was a Neo-Freudian and established Analytic Psychology – collective unconscious(basis of affect to behavior)

A

Carl Jung

80
Q

Neo-Freudian who conceptualized the importance of superiority and inferiority as a factor that affect man’s existence

A

Alfred Adler

81
Q

Human beings have the “basic need for love and security”.
Human being tend to feel anxious or agitated when they are alienated or isolated.

A

Karen Horney

82
Q

First systematic psychometrician

A

Charles Spearman

83
Q

Developed the first intelligent quotient test

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

84
Q

Experiment in Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

85
Q

Father of Educational Psychology
The Law of Effect in Learning

A

Edward Thorndike

86
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

B.F. Skinner

PSY111 (2 decks)

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