chapter 1 Flashcards
body planes
three sections the body can be divided into
coronal
vertical line front and back
saggital
separates right and left
transverse
separates horizantally
ventral
front of body
dorsal
back of body
anterior
front of body
posterior
back of body
superior
located closer to head
inferior
closer to soles of feet
medial
near center
lateral
closer to side
proximal
closer to the point of origin
distal
further from point of origin
caudal
closer to tail
caphalic
closer to head
dorsal cavities
cranial and spinal
cranial
protects brain
spinal
protects spine
ventral cavities
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
thoracic
heart, lungs, esophagus, major chest blood vessels
abdominal
gallbladder, stomach, liver, spleen, parts of large intestine, pancreas
pelvic
urethra, urinary bladder, parts of large intestine, reproductive organs
RUQ
right upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
integumentary
skin and hair; serves as protection, obtains vitamin D, nerves for pain receptors
digestive
taking in food, breaking down and obtaining nutrients and removing solid waste
lymphatic
immune system; protects from disease and ensures proper blood: lymphatic fluid ratio
muscular
allows voluntary and involuntary movement and controls body heat
skeletal
produces red and white blood cells, structure and support, holds calcium, protects organs
cardiovascular
pumps blood containing nutrients and oxygen, carries waste like carbon dioxide to the lungs and other waste to kidneys to exit body
respiratory
transports O2 through blood to organs and exerts carbon dioxide through lungs; filters pollutants and microorganisms from respiratory track; balances Ph
Urinary
filters blood, maintains fluid balance and electrolyte levels
nervous
transmits messages about sensual stimuli to brain and other parts of the body
reproductive
allows humans to produce offspring
RUQ
Right upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
LLQ
left lower quadrant
center region
umbilical region
middle upper
epigastric region
middle lower
hypogastric region
left center
right lumbar region
right center
left lumbar region
right bottom
left iliac region
left bottom
right iliac region
left upper
right hypochondriac region
right upper
left hypochondriac region
fowler’s position
laying horizontal, head up; comfort and rest
erect position
standing; chest x-rays, assessments for neurological deficit, and sudden heart rate rise upon standing
knee-chest position
knees at 90 degrees, back forming slope down to head; rectal and pelvic exams
lateral position
laing on left side of body; recovery position, during labor, and to prevent aspiration while vomiting
prone position
laying face down; breast cancer treatment, bed sore care, children’s sleeping position
sims position
face down with right arm and leg at 90 degrees; rectal exam
supine position
flat on back;CT (computer tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans, x rays
acute
has rapid onset, can be severe, short timeframe
autoimmune
when immune system produces antibodies against tissue
benign
nonrecurring, used to describe cancers where patient has good chance of survival
chronic
long duration, slow progress
congenital
condition presented at birth
convalescence
period of recovery after illness/injury
debilitating
weakening or fatiguing
endemic
ongoing disease restricted to certain population or area of land
endogenous
condition originating within the body
epidemic
sudden outbreak of disease among population or area of land
exogenous
condition resulting outside the body
genetic
inherited
hypersensitivity
immune system has sensitivity to antigen and either is harmful or perceived as harmful (allergy)
iatrogenic
infection or disease arising after surgical or medical intervention
immunological
reaction between antigen and antibody, protein body makes in response to antigen
infectious
capable of causing infection
inflammatory
marked by inflammation or caused by inflamation
ischemic
condition or disease caused by temporary lack of blood flow to organ or tissue
malignant
cancers that tend to spread, get progressively worse, and can be life threatening
metabolic
disorder that interferes with normal metabolism
neoplastic
new abnormal growth that may become cancerous or not
nosocomial
disease acquired within hospital setting that wasn’t present upon entry
nutritional
related to the chemical process in the body that occur after ingesting food
syndrome
set of signs or symptoms that occur together as part of disease process
oppurtunistic
pathogen that doesn’t cause infection unless immune system is at weakened state
terminal
a disease to which there are treatments but no cure; fatal
idiopathic
a disease that has an unknown etiology
inspection
observation of one or more areas of the body
auscultation
the use of a stethescope to listen to sounds within the body cavities
signs
objective observations by healthcare provider
symptoms
patient’s awareness to abnormalities or discomfort
palpation
application of light to firm pressure on skin above internal organs or structures to detect abnormalities
percussion
tapping areas on the surface or body to produce vibration and indicate size, or matter filled with (liquid or gas)
olfaction
use of sense of smell to detect abnormalities
observation
looking at patient and asking questions to gather data
manifestation
the way disease shows itself, includes signs and symptoms
diagnosis
identification of health condition
prognosis
made after diagnosis, probable cause, forecast, and outcome
AAF
african american female
abd
abdomen
CBC
complete blood cell cound
c/o
complains of
consult
consultation
CT
computerized tomography
CXR
chest x-ray
ECG, EKG
electrocardigram
hs
half strength; bed time
ER
emergency room
ht
height
NKDA
no known drug allergies
NPO
nothing by mouth
OB/GYN
obstetrician/gynecologist
preop
before surgery
OR
operating room
postop
after surgery
pro. time
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
pt.
patient
SOB
shortness of breath
stat
immediately
T&C
type and crossmatch
UA
urinalysis
VS
vital signs
WNL
within normal limits
wt
weight
y/o
years old
anter-
front
anthr
joint
infer
below
log
study
medi
middle
poster
back of body
sarc
flesh
super
above
ventr
belly side of body
viscer
internal organs
brady
slow
endo-
within
sub
below
-ac
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-iac
pertaining to
-ial
pertaining to
-ic
pertaining to
-ical
pertaining to
-ior
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emia
blood condition
-gen
substance that produces
-ia
condition
-ine
a substance pertaining to
-itis
inflammation
-megaly
enlargement
-plasty
surgical repair
-tomy
process of cutting
-stomy
surgical opening
-um
structure
what organs are in the RUQ
right lobe of liver, gallbladder, parts of pancreas, portions of small and large intestine
what organs are in the LUQ
left lobe of liver, parts of pancreas, stomach, spleen, parts of small and large intestines
organs in RLQ
parts of small and large intestines, right ureter, right fallopian tube, right ovary, right side of uterus, right side of male reproductive organs, right side of bladder
organs in LLQ
parts of large and small intestines, left ureter, left fallopian tube, left side or uterus, left ovary, left side of male reproductive organs, left side of bladder
mitosis
process of cell division
meiosis
reproduction by sex cells
