Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of structure.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The Study of Function.

Question 3

Scientific Method

Answer 3

systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

Smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life. Enclosed in a plasma membrane.

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

A mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function.

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

A structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to carry out a particular function.

Question 7

Organ System

Answer 7

A group of organs with a unique collective function.

Question 8

Anatomic Variation

Answer 8

The differences in anatomy across many different humans can be different.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

The sum of all internal chemical change.

Question 10

Catabolism

Answer 10

The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

Question 11

Anabolism

Answer 11

The synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.

Question 12

Responsiveness

Answer 12

The ability to sense and react to stimuli; excitability.

Question 13

Movement

Answer 13

Self propelled or moving substances internally.

Question 14

Development

Answer 14

Any change in form or function over the lifetime of the organism.

Question 15

Growth

Answer 15

An increase in size.

Question 16

Differentiation

Answer 16

The transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that are committed to a particular task.

Question 17

Stem Cell

Answer 17

Any undifferentiated cell that can divide and differentiate into more functionally specific cell types.

Question 18

Reproduction

Answer 18

Living organism produces copy of itself and passes down genes to new younger containers.

Question 19

Evolution

Answer 19

Genetic change from one generation to the next.

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

State of internal equilibrium.

Question 21

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 21

All body fluid not contained in the cells; ECF

Question 22

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 22

Part of ECF and is fluid found in the spaces between cells.

Question 23

Hormone

Answer 23

a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood
to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Question 24

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 24

A process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to stop it or reverse it.

Question 25

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 25

Self-amplifying cycle that leads to even greater change in the same direction instead of reversing it.

Question 26

Receptor

Answer 26

A structure in the body that senses change.

Question 27

Effector

Answer 27

The cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action.

Question 28

Gradient

Answer 28

A pathway that energy flows down.

Question 29

Integrating/Control center

Answer 29

A mechanism that processes information, relates it to other information and ,makes a decision about what the appropriate response is.