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HEALTHCARE ETHICS > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

chaos of thoughts, belief, assumptions, values, and superstition

A

PHILOSOPHY

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2
Q

philosophical discussion of what is concerned good/bad, right/wrong in terms of moral issues

A

MORAL PHILOSOPHY

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3
Q

concerned with the study of social morality and philosophical reflection on society’s norms and practices

A

ETHICS

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4
Q

derived from either of 2 basic school of thoughts

A

ETHICAL THEORIES

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5
Q

dependent upon human nature and psychology

A

NATURALISM

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6
Q

not dependent upon human nature

A

RATIONALISM

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7
Q

based upon the rational view that the rightness/wrongness of a an act depends upon nature act rather than its consequences

A

DEONTOLOGY

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8
Q

Deon means

A

DUTY

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9
Q

other term of deontology

A

FORMALISM

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10
Q

other term of deontology

A

FORMALISM

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11
Q

Born in Konigsberg, Prussia in 1724
-ethical rules are universal
-more on rational

A

IMMANUEL KANT

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12
Q

act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law

A

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

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13
Q

act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, always as an end and never as a means only

A

PRACTICAL IMPERATIVE

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14
Q

inhelent recognition that all people are equal and competent to make universally legislative decisions

A

KANTIAN THEORY

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15
Q

ethics of democracy

A

KANTIANETHICS

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16
Q

it requires liberty, equality and fraternity with in politically organized society

A

RAPHAEL (1994)

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17
Q

one finds that the goal of consequentialism is often stated as the greatest good for the greatest number.

A

TELEOLOGY

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18
Q

another term of teleology

A

CONSEQUENTIALISM

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19
Q

telos means

A

END

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20
Q

evaluate the morality of actions in terms of progress toward a goal/end

A

CONSEQUENTIALIST MORAL THEORIES

21
Q

has several versions, the best known of which is utilitarianism

A

CONSEQUENTIALISM

22
Q

terms of the maximization of the net utility expected for all parties affected by a decision/action

A

UTILITARIANISM

23
Q

believed both good end evil lie in sensation, pleasure being good and pain being evil

A

EPICURUS

24
Q

Pleasure according to Epicurus

A

-living a life of moderation
-courage
-justice
-by cultivating
-friendship

25
Q

dwell apart from human

A

DEITIES

26
Q

-action can be considered to be right when they increase happiness and diminish misery
-can be considered wrong when they have the opposite
-he proposed that we should measure the product act in terms of the value of a proposed pleasure
-father of modern utilitarianism

A

JEREMY BENTHAM

27
Q

Principal of utility produce

A

-benefit
-advantage
-pleasure
-good
-happiness

28
Q

6 criteria in measuring the pleasure

A

-intensity
-duration
-certainty
-propinquity
-fecundity
-purity

29
Q

basic principle of utilitarianism is that actions are right to t h e degree that they tend to promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
-He defined “the good” in
terms o f well - being an d distinguished,

A

JOHN STUART MILL

30
Q

most often associated with the
british philosopher Mill.

A

CLASSICAL UTILITARIANISM

31
Q

described physical and mental suffering as

A

-indigence
-disease
-unkindness
-worthlessness
-premature loss of object/affection

32
Q

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

A

GOLDEN RULE

33
Q

It suggests that people choose actions that will in any given circumstance, increase the over all good.

A

ACT UTILITARIANISM/ ACT CONSEQUENTIALISM

34
Q

It suggests that people choose rules that, when followed consistently, will maximize the overall good.

A

RULE UTILITARIANISM

35
Q

acts based on certain degree of innate moral virtue

A

VIRTUE ETHICS

36
Q

another name of virtue ethics

A

CHARACTER ETHICS

37
Q

character trait that is morally valued

A

MORAL VIRTUE

38
Q

8 cardinal virtues

A

-WISDOM
-COURAGE
-TEMPERANCE
-JUSTICE
-GENEROSITY
-FAITH
-HOPE
-CHARITY

39
Q

refers to matters having to do with character.

A

ETHICS

40
Q

he considered goodness of character to be produced by the pr act ice o f virtuous behavior, rather than virtuous act s being
the end result o f a good character.

A

ARISTOTLE

41
Q

equal to excellence of character

A

-MOTIVATION
-DELIBERATION
-CLEAR JUDGEMENT
-SELF-CONTROL
-PRACTICE

42
Q

acting repeatedly in a virtous manner

A

VIRTUE CHARACTER

43
Q

another perspective to Aristotle’s concept o f a virtuous person . She proposes that virtue lies not only in engaging
virtuous acts but also in a will.
-She defines will as “that which is wished for as well as what is sought.” According to her, a positive or moral will is sometimes
the necessary ingredient in success .

A

PHILIPPA RUTH FOOT

44
Q

discussion of virtue as related to biomedical ethics

A

TOM BEAUCHAMP AND JAMES CHILDRESS

45
Q

4 focal virtue

A

-COMPASSION
-DISCERNMENT
-TRUSTWORTHINESS
-INTEGRITY

46
Q

ability to imagine oneself in the situation of other
-it embodies golden rule

A

COMPASSION

47
Q

rest on sensitive insight involving acute judgement and understanding and it result in decisive actions

A

DISCERNMENT

48
Q

trust is confident belief in the moral character

A

TRUSTWORTHINESS

49
Q

it means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character

A

INTEGRITY

HEALTHCARE ETHICS (2 decks)

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