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PSY353 Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 1 & 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

is the scientific study of abnormal behaviour.

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2
Q

ICD a medical classification listed by the

A

WHO

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3
Q

Which of the following is relevant to defining a paradigm?

  • Conceptual framework
  • Basic assumptions
  • Specify the problem
  • Investigate the problem
A

All of the below:

  • Conceptual framework
  • Basic assumptions
  • Specify the problem
  • Investigate the problem
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4
Q

Destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society is called…

A

Stigma

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5
Q

Which of the following does not describe what stigma encompasses?

a. Ignorance or limitations in knowledge about mental health.
b. Negative attitudes to mental illness.
c. Unhelpful or discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.
d. Prejudice to People with mental heath problems.
e. Helpful or non-discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.

A

e. Helpful or non-discriminatory responses to people with mental health problems.

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6
Q

People that have attitudes about themselves that are harsh or discriminatory are displaying:

A

self-stigma

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7
Q

EUGENICS

A

describes improving the genetic composition of the human race through selective breeding and sterilisation.

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8
Q

Reliving an earlier emotional trauma and releasing emotional tension is called…

A

Catharsis

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9
Q

Psychoanalytic theory says that psychopathology results from…

A

Unconscious conflicts

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10
Q

According to Freud the id operates on the _____ principle?

A

Pleasure

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11
Q

A defence mechanism is used by the ________ to protect itself from ________.

A

Ego, Anxiety

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12
Q

A person who experiences either excessive or deficient amounts of gratification at a particular stage develops a _______

A

Fixation

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13
Q

which of the following is the correct order of the psychosexual developmental stages?

A 
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency periods  and 
Genital stage
(Orange Ants Play Late Generally)
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14
Q

____________ or the basic categories that all human beings use in conceptualising the world were part of what Jung called the collective unconscious.

A

Archetypes

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15
Q

Adler’s _______ psychology regarded people as inextricably tied to their society because he believed that fulfillment was found in doing things for the social good.

A

Individual

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16
Q

The _______ approach focuses on both heritability of traits and complex interactions between genes and environment.

A

genetic paradigm

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17
Q

Which of the following is not correct when explaining heritability?

a. Relevant for a particular individual
b. Relevant for a large population.
c. Estimates range from 0.0 to 1.0
d. Variability in a population.

A

a. Relevant for a particular individual

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18
Q

________ have much more effect on development of psychological disorders than other experiences.

A

Non-shared experiences.

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19
Q

Which of the following is not related to behavour genetics?

a. Genes and environmental factors
b. Genetic make-up
c. Genotype
d. Phenotype
e. Conscious

A

e. Conscious (not related to behaviour genetics)

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20
Q

A ____ means that a given person’s sensitivity to an environmental event is influenced by genes.

A

Gene-environment interaction

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21
Q

The study of how the environment can alter gene expression or function is called ________.

A

Epigenetics

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22
Q

The ______ paradigm believes that psychological disorders are linked to brain and nervous system abnormalities.

A

Neuroscience

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23
Q

________ in neural development, describes the selective loss of synaptic connections, especially in the fine-tuning of brain regions devoted to sensory processing.

A

Pruning

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24
Q

The concept of ________ reflects the ability of the human brain to constantly change as a function of experience.

A

Neuroplasticity

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25
Q

Researching how psychological factors impact the immune system is called _______?

A

Psychoneuroimmunology

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26
Q

The ______ framework highlights the significance of biological, psychological and social factors and their interactions in understanding behaviour.

A

biopsychosocial

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27
Q

Which of the following is not related to behaviour therapy:

a. modelling
b. time out
c. catharsis
d. systematic desensitisation
e. inhibitory learning

A

c. catharsis (not related to behaviour therapy)

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28
Q

Cognitive therapy emphasises the relationship between _______.

a. thought
b. feeling
c. behavour
d. a and c
e. a, b and c

A

e. a, b and c.

(that is… “Cognitive therapy emphasises the relationship between thought, feeling and behaviour”.

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29
Q

_________: tendencies to perceive events in a negative manner.

A

Cognitive biases

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30
Q

Which of the following is not correctly matched?

a. Attachment theory - John Bowlby and May Ainsworth
b. Person centred therapy - Rogers
c. Dialectical behavour therapy - Linehan
d. Mindfulness-based therapy - Segal
e. Metacognitive therapy - Singer

A

e. Metacognitive therapy - Singer

this is not correctly matched. Singer matches Narrative Therapy

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31
Q

The sociocultural approach places emphasis on:

a. age
b. gender
c. ethnicity and culture
d. socioeconomic status
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above.

The sociocultural approach places emphasis on age, gender, ethnicity and culture and socioeconomic status.

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32
Q

What must be established in a successful insanity defense?

A

The court must find the accused did not know what they were doing at the time of the offense, or if they did, that it was wrong.

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33
Q

What is the second line of defense in insanity cases?

A

Diminished responsibility

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34
Q

Where did the defense of diminished responsibility originate?

A

Scotland

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35
Q

Name the section of the criminal code at 1899 that provides provisions for diminished responsibility

A

Section 304A of the criminal code at 1899.

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36
Q

Which section of the criminal code describes an on sound mind.

A

Section 27

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37
Q

Where was the mental health court established in Australia?

A

Queensland

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38
Q

Name the application for the right to receive particular information about the person who has committed and unlawful act.

A

Victim impact statement

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39
Q

Who can prepare a victim impact statement?

A

The victim or a close relative of the victim, Including their spouse.

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40
Q

When can disclosure be prohibited for a victim impact statement?

A

If it is considered harmful to the health and well-being of the person of unsound mined.

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41
Q

Who protects the rights of patients in authorized mental health services?

A

The chief psychiatrist

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42
Q

Which section of the mental health act deals with fitness to stand trial?

A

Section 162

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43
Q

The test a fitness to stand trial dates back to which case?

A

R v Pritchard (1836)

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44
Q

When can a person be detained in an authorized mental health hospital?

A

a. The person is suicidal
b. The person present to risk to their own safety or welfare
c. The person present to risk it to the safety of others

 d.  Any of the above.
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45
Q

What is the main contributing factor to violence?

A

Substance abuse

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46
Q

When is violence prediction more accurate?

A

a. When do person has been repeatedly violent in the recent past
b. When I previous serious act has been committed and the persons personality has not changed.
c. When a person is judge to be on the brink of a violent act (e.g. pointing a loaded gun or make incredible threats).

d.  All of the above.
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47
Q

When treating people with the psychological disorder and protecting them from harming themselves and others, what type of freedom is to be provided?

A

Least restrictive alternative to freedom

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48
Q

The policy that referred to discouraging as many people as possible from hospitals and discouraging admissions from 1955 to the mid 1960s was known as?

A

Dinstitutionalization

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49
Q

The national health and research Council (NHMRC) in Australia issue the statement on human experimentation in which year?

A

1966

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50
Q

What does informed consent imply?

A

Enough information must be provided to enable people to decide whether they want to be in a study.

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51
Q

How does APS Code of Ethics define confidentiality?

A

The protection of information obtained during the provision of psychological services.

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52
Q

The textbook chapter opens with a clinical case about Jack, young man who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. In the scenario, jack apply to get an apartment and the landlord

A

Denied him the apartment because he thought Jack might be violent

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53
Q

The textbook chapter opens with the clinical case about Felicia. In this scenario Felicia had very few friends and was off and teased. What was it that eventually made her life easier?

A

Felicia was diagnosed with having ADHD and received effective treatment.

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54
Q

The field concerned with nature, development, and treatment of psychological disorders is called

A

Psychopathology

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55
Q

Students often have ————— , which makes it difficult to remain objective when learning about psychopathology

A

Preconceived notions.

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56
Q

The destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups consider different in some manner, such as people with psychological illness, I called

A

Stigmas

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57
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of stigma?

A

a. A label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others
b. A label apply to a group of people that breaks the law
c. The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attitude by society
d. People with the label face unfair discrimination

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58
Q

All of the following our key suggestions for fighting against stigma EXCEPT:

A

a. Mandatory counseling
b. Housing options
c. Education
d. Personal contact

59
Q

All of the following a case suggestions for fighting against stigma EXCEPT:

A

a. Mental health evaluation
b. Support and advocacy groups
c. Education for individuals and families
d. Required after school care for children with mental illness

60
Q

Which of the following is[are] our best hope for reducing the stigma against those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?

A

a. Increase contact
b. Increase education
c. Increase quality legislation
d. All of the above

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT and organization establish to educate and offer support those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?

A

Mad4Life

62
Q

The best definition of mental disorder text all of the following into account EXCEPT:

A

Syndromes

63
Q

Define a mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?

A

Some mental disorders do not involve personal distress

64
Q

Which of the following IS NOT a part of the comprehensive definition of a psychological disorder?

A

Behavior outside of the norm

65
Q

The DSM-5’s definition of mental disorder involves all of the following criteria except that it:

A

Occurs within multiple individuals

66
Q

Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities. Which definition of mental disorder applies to Cindy?

A

Personal distress

67
Q

After presenting characteristics of mental disorder, the text concludes that

A

Together the characteristics give a comprehensive definition of abnormality

68
Q

Exorcism was used on people who demonstrated odd behavior because:

A

Strange behavior was believed to be caused by possession

69
Q

Hippocrates’ early views of mental health contributed to an enduring emphasis on

A

Natural causes

70
Q

Hippocrates suggested which of the following treatment for mental illness?

A

Care in choosing food and drink

71
Q

Hippocrates influenced psychology by

A

Distinguishing medicine from religion in magic

72
Q

Which of the following best describes treatment of disordered people during the dark ages?

A

Monks in monasteries prayed over them.

73
Q

Edith was accused of being a witch in 1532. She most likely lived in

A

Europe

74
Q

In what century were old hospital is converted into asylums for people with psychological disorders?

A

15th

75
Q

Which of the following suggests that many “witches” condemned during the inquisition were, in fact, mentally disordered individuals?

A

The witches “confessed” to delusions and hallucinations.

76
Q

The word ‘lunacy’ comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus, who attributed odd behavior to

A

A misalignment of the moon and the stars.

77
Q

Early asylums were developed

A

For the confine and care of the mentally ill.

78
Q

Bedlam

A

Is the term associated with the chaotic conditions at early asylums.

79
Q

Who is the Sociedad with creating more humane environments at mental hospitals?

A

Philippe Pinel

80
Q

Treatment for the mentally ill during the Moral Therapy era became more humane when

A

a. Patients were given individual attention
b. Asylums were abolished
c. Specialty hospital wards were created for the mentally ill within general care facilities.
d. All of the above.

81
Q

Moral treatment involved

A

Encouraging patients to engage in purposeful activities.

82
Q

Elizabeth was receiving more treatment while in an early asylum. Which of the following treatment was she LEAST likely to receive?

A

Physical restraints

83
Q

“Moral Treatment” was largely abandoned because of the development of

A

Large impersonal hospitals

84
Q

Dorothy Dix is famous for

A

a. Greatly improving the standard of care for people with mental illness
b. Overseeing the creation of 32 State Hospital’s for the mentally ill
c. Providing moral treatment many people with mental illness
d. All of the above.

85
Q

Similar to the early asylums, present day mental hospitals

A

Provide merely for basic needs and medication

86
Q

General paresis is best described as

A

A deterioration of mental and physical health associated with syphilis.

87
Q

The germ theory of disease, which states that disease is caused by infection of the body by tiny organisms, was put forth by

A

Louis Pasteur

88
Q

The discovery of the cause of syphilis was important to the field with mental illness for which reason?

A

It increased interest in determining biological causes for mental illness

89
Q

The germ theory of disease

A

Showed the link between syphilis and mental illness.

90
Q

An adherent for biological approaches would suggest which of the following treatment for depression?

A

Antidepressant medication

91
Q

The Eugenics movement

A

Sought to cleanse society of people with undesirable characteristics

92
Q

Early work in behavior genetics lead to

A

Forced sterilization of mental patients

93
Q

Which of the following is true about ECT?

A

It is used today to treat patients with severe depression.

94
Q

Hypnosis, as originally used by Mesmer, was used for

A

Treating hysteria

95
Q

The reasoning behind hypnosis has developed by Mesmer was that

A

Changing the magnetic fluid in his patients would result in symptom reduction

96
Q

Esther what is a patient of Mesmer, who is treated for her blindness. What was the likely scenario when she entered his treatment room?

A

A stock of chemical-filled rods, with Mesmer presiding over the room

97
Q

Breuer observed and association between recalling past traumatic event and expression of the original emotion in hysterics. This resulted in

A

Decreased hysteria.

98
Q

Dr. Jones encourages her clients, and Hipnosis, to recall childhood trauma’s and the emotions associated with them. This technique was developed by

A

Josef Breuer.

99
Q

Which is true regarding catharsis?

A

It encourages the release of emotional tension

100
Q

If you went to Josef Breuer for treatment of hysterical paralysis, Which treatment would you probably not receive?

A

Medication

101
Q

The cathartic method was created by

A

Josef Breuer

102
Q

The psychoanalytic theory rest upon the assumption that psychopathology is the result of

A

Unconscious conflicts.

103
Q

They id, ego, and superego are

A

Structures of the mind

104
Q

The ego operates according to the ——— principle.

A

Reality

105
Q

The basic energy source for the psyche is the

A

id.

106
Q

According to Freud’s theory, the superego develops from the

A

Ego

107
Q

Dealing with reality is the primary role of the

A

Ego

108
Q

Which structure involves only activity of the unconscious?

A

id.

109
Q

While studying for an exam, Greg worked for 15 minutes before becoming tired. He decided that it would be better to work for another 30 minutes before taking a break. His behavior is being guided by which part of his personality?

A

Ego

110
Q

When one refers to their conscience, they are also describing their

A

Superego

111
Q

The superego allows us to

A

Know right from wrong

112
Q

Carol is trying to decide whether to drink alcohol, knowing that her parents are strongly opposed to drinking. According to Friday in theory, Carol struggle is between her ——— , which makes her want to drink, and her ———— , which discourages her from drinking.

A

id; superego

113
Q

According to Freud, what is the most important determinant of behavior?

A

Unconscious

114
Q

The ego uses ———- to protect itself from anxiety.

A

Defense mechanisms

115
Q

Conflicts from a particular stage of development, according to Freud, will

A

Continue to affect development

116
Q

Fixation at a particular stage, According to Freud, results in

A

Regression to that stage when stressed later in life

117
Q

Which of the following is NOT a technique in psychoanalytic psychotherapy?

A

Cognitive reappraisal

118
Q

Dr. Smith argues that the desire to hunt is built into all man dating back to the times of caveman. Dr. Smith is relying on the concept of

A

Collective unconscious

119
Q

Adler developed a theory of psycho analytic thought orientated towards

A

Doing things for the social good

120
Q

As part of therapy, you are asked to lie on the couch in and say anything to comes in to your mind. This is called

A

Free association

121
Q

You begin to think of your therapist in a similar way to your sister, so begin to treat the therapist as you treat your sister. This is referred to as

A

Transference

122
Q

According to the ——— theory, at each developmental stage a different part of the body is most sensitive to sexual excitation and, therefore, the most capable of satisfying the id.

A

Psychosexual

123
Q

The correct developmental order of Freud’s psychosexual stages is

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

124
Q

During which psychosexual stage did freud say the roots of depression were formed?

A

Oral

125
Q

According to Freud, people who are fixated at the ——— stage are overly dependent upon others.

A

Oral

126
Q

Behaviourists advocate that

A

Abnormal behavior is learned.

127
Q

The earliest the earliest experimental work on classical conditioning was conducted by

A

Pavlov

128
Q

Anne experienced extreme pain at the dentist as a child. Now she goes to a different dentist, but feel so hot rice when she arrives, and go down when she leaves. Heart racing whenever she goes to the dentist is due to ————- , and the calming feeling when she leaves is due to ———— .

A

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning.

129
Q

Fiona faints when her doctor begins to draw blood. What is the unconditioned response?

A

Fainting

130
Q

The following type of response to behavior results in an increased probability of the behavior occurring again.

A

a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive punishment
d. Both a & b.

131
Q

A class conducted an experiment with its professor. The students paid attention as a group only when she was to be left of the blackboard. After this was established, they paid attention only when she was 3 feet from the blackboard, further to the left. Finally, they paid attention only when she was directly in the corner, to the left of the blackboard. This is an illustration of

A

Shaping

132
Q

Mr. Smith is going to a therapist for help with his fear of heights. Over several sessions the therapist, dr. Jones, provide state muscle relaxation and gradual exposure to Heights. Dr. Jones his treatment approach it’s best identified as

A

Systematic desensitization

133
Q

Early behaviorist theories did not consider the critical role that ———- play in human behavior.

A

a. Thoughts I asked
b. Emotions
c. Memories
d. Both A & b

134
Q

The study of cognition began to be prominent in

A

1960s

135
Q

Which of the following theoretical approaches emphasizes the importance of how people construe themselves in the world?

A

Cognitive

136
Q

Cognitive therapist believe that if clients change their ——- they will be able to change their feelings, behavior, and symptoms.

A

Thoughts

137
Q

According to Albert ELLIS, ———— Are caused by internal sentences that people repeat to themselves

A

Emotional reactions

138
Q

Rational-emotive behavior therapy was proposed by

A

ELLIS

139
Q

Psychiatrist different from clinical psychologist in that psychiatrists

A

Prescribe medication

140
Q

Which profession requires a research dissertation as a prerequisite for an advanced degree.

A

Clinical psychologist

141
Q

Social workers primarily

A

Conduct psychotherapy

142
Q

The doctor of psychology degree (Psy.D) emphasizes

A

Clinical training more than research training.

143
Q

Clinical psychologist, counseling psychologist, and social workers are all likely to be involved in

A

Providing psychotherapy

144
Q

That has recently been a debate regarding with the clinical psychologist should be allowed to

A

Prescribe medications

PSY353 Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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