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STS > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

seek to promote inter-disciplinary integration, human society engagement, and critical thinking

A

concepts

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2
Q

the philosophical (calm attitude toward disappointments or difficulties) study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge

A

epistemological

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3
Q

a theory – based on observation and scientific study – about how people learn

A

constructivism

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4
Q

assumes scientific and technological developments AS socially constructed phenomena

A

in constructivism in sts

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5
Q

constructivism is the view that social reality is constructed by human beings — structures such as
race, class, and nationality are all social constructions

A

constructivism in sociology and anthropology

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6
Q

three broad categories

A

Cognitive Constructivism
Social Constructivism
Radical Constructivism

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7
Q

knowledge is something that is actively constructed by learners based on their existing cognitive structures

A

cognitive constructivism

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8
Q

a social group constructing things for one another, collaboratively creating a small culture of shared artifacts with shared meanings’

A

social constructivism

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9
Q

von Glasersfeld

a theory of knowing that provides a pragmatic approach to questions about reality, truth, and human understanding

A

radical constructivism

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10
Q

describes a collection of views in philosophy which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance (pagbigkas), or expression occurs

A

contextualism

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11
Q

a critical thinking and pedagogical dialogue or process and may be considered demythicisation

A

problematization

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12
Q

Given the problematic natures of science and technology, and accepting their construction by society

A

democratization

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13
Q

the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how they affect society, politics and culture

A

STS

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14
Q

STS is the 7th of the eight required subjects in the new General Education Curriculum (GEC) known as “Science, Technology, and Society/Agham, Teknolohiya, at Lipunan.” CMO 20, series of 2013

A

sts in the philippines

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15
Q

had practices linked to science and technology

already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of extracting medicine from herbs

had an alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar

already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving

Banaue Rice Terraces is among the sophisticated products of engineering

A

Early pinoys: Pre-Spanish era

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16
Q

contributed to growth of science and technology

introduced formal education and founded scientific institution

parochial schools: religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music

Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture

established colleges and universities in the archipelago

A

spanish era

17
Q

Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories

replaced the Laboratorio Municipal,
study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects

replaced by the Bureau of Science

National Research Council of the Philippines

towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy

A

american era

18
Q

Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science

lack of basic information, lack of support of experimental work and minimal budget for scientific research and low salaries of scientists

during the regime of President Carlos P. Garcia,

Philippine Congress passed the Science Act of 1958 which established the National Science Development Board

A

american era post war

19
Q

January 23, 1967
science was necessary for the development programs and directed the Department of Education to revitalize the science courses in public high schools

Department of Education with the National Science Development Board (NSDB), organized a project to provide selected high schools with science teaching equipment over a four-year period

A

marcos administration

20
Q

1986
National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet

1987-1992, science and technology’s role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted

science and technology development shall be one of the top three priorities of the government towards an economic recovery

A

aquino administration

21
Q

noticeable improvements
3,000- 3,500 competent scientists and engineers

scholarships for students who were taking up professions related to S&T. Schools

Health care services through local programs such as “Doctors to the Barrio Program.”

health care programs were innovative and effective as shown by the change in life expectancy from 67.5 years in 1992 to 69.1 years in 1995

A

ramos administration

22
Q

signed Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) which was designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development of its natural resources

Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) which outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from the Internet-driven New Economy

launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective irrigation technologies

announced that Dole-outs are out, which meant basic health care, basic nutrition, and useful education for those who want, but cannot afford it

A

Estrada administration

23
Q

“golden age” of science and technology by then secretary Estrella Albastro

Numerous laws and projects that concerns both the environment and science to push technology as a tool to increase the country’s economic level

“Filipinnovation”
imposes Republic Act 10601 which improves the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization (AFMech)

RA 10601 covers research, development, and extension (RDE), promotion, distribution, supply, assembling, manufacturing, regulation, use, operation, maintenance and project implementation of agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment

A

gloria macapagal arroyo administration

24
Q

conferred four new National Scientist for their contribution in the Scientific field,

Gavino C. Trono, Angel C. Alcala, Ramon C. Barba, and Edgardo D. Gomez

Trono: extensive studies he made on seaweed species

Alcala: coral reefs AND in the fields of systematics, secology and herpetology

Barba: seasonal supply of fresh fruits to an all year-round availability of mangoes

Gomez: national-scale assessment of damage coral reefs

A

benigno s aquino administration

25
Q

signing of the Balik Scientist law by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on 15 June 2018
Republic Act No. 11035

give more incentives to returning Filipino experts, scientists, inventors, and engineers who would share their expertise in the country

strengthen the implementation of the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) Balik Scientist Program

A

rodrigo roa duterte administration

26
Q

originated in science

a fundamental change in the understanding of the underlying assumptions, practices and methodology of a given framework

A

paradigm shift

27
Q

understanding of evolution from being goal-oriented to Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection

switch from Newtonian physics to Einstein’s theory of relativity

A

paradigm shift in science

28
Q

prior to the 19th century the prevailing belief in evolution was that a species evolved as needed – that the giraffe developed a long neck because it was necessary to reach the fruits in tall trees

A

in the first

29
Q

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity expanded our understanding of gravity to essentially explain all the anomalies in Newtonian physics,

A

in the second

30
Q

The biggest shift is the introduction of the Internet and the personal computer which has changed the way most cultures conduct business, connect to each other and find/spread information

A

in society

31
Q

there is a paradigm shift happening now with the advent of cloud computing, where software infrastructure is provided as a service rather than as an implemented product

A

in business/technology

32
Q

Kuhn’s claim that in a paradigm shift the reality that is being studied changes is highly controversial

critics argue that this “non-realist” point of view leads to a sort of relativism, and hence to the conclusion that scientific progress has nothing to do with getting closer to the truth

Kuhn says he still believes in scientific progress

A

Science Progresses Through Paradigm Shifts

33
Q

science does not progress in an even way, gradually accumulating knowledge and deepening its explanations

disciplines alternate between periods of normal science conducted within a dominant paradigm, and periods of revolutionary science when an emerging crisis requires a new paradigm

A

Kuhn’s theory of paradigm shifts

34
Q

geocentric theory of Claudius Ptolemy

philosophers and the powerful Church

Aristarchus to Nicolas Copernicus’

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY

Copernicus’ theory was a heretical one

Copernicus and other scientists had to

endure a long journey of scorn from influential people

A

paradigm shift

35
Q

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

CLASSICAL MECHANICS – ISAAC NEWTON

MENDELIAN INHERITANCE

SPONTANEOUS GENERATION TO

HETEROGENESIS (ARISTOTLE)

VAN HELMONT – REDI - SPALLANZANI

LOUIS PASTEUR PUT TO REST ARTISTOTLE’S THEORY

A

paradigm shift

STS (2 decks)

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