Chapter 1 Flashcards
Describes interaction between subject, speaker, audience
Rhetorical Triangle
A thoughtful, reflective activity leading to effective indictment
Rhetoric
The character the speaker creates when he/she writes or speaks depending on context, purpose, subject, and audience
Persona
Appeal to character
Demonstrates that they are credible and trustworthy
Often emphasizes shared values between speaker and audience
Some instances a speaker’s reputation establishes it
Ethos
Appeal to reason
Offers clear rational ideas
Means having clear main idea, or thesis, with specific details, examples, facts, stats, data, or expert testimony as support
Also acknowledge a counter argument
Logos
Appeal to emotion
Rarely effective in long term writing
Pathos
A genre in literature in which vices, follies, abuses, and short comings are held up to ridicule, individuals or society, into improvement
Satiric
Another element of rhetoric, it is the organization of a piece
Two types: classical model
Patterns of development
Arrangement
5 part structure: introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion
The classical model
Introduces reader to subject under discussion
Draws readers interest
Often where writer establishes ethos
Introduction
Narrate
Provides facts and background info on material and subject
Begins developmental paragraphs, or establishes why subject is a problem that needs addressing
Can appeal to logos, but mostly pathos
Narration (classic model)
Usually major part of text
Includes developments or proof needed to make the writers case
Appeals to logos
Confirmation
Addresses counter argument
A bridge between writers proof and conclusion
Appeal to logos
Refutation
Brings essay to close
Usually appeals to pathos and reminds reader of ethos established earlier
Brings ideas together and answers question
Conclusion
According to purpose (each purpose suggests a method of organization or arrangement)
Include: a range of logical ways to organize a text
Patterns of development
Refers to telling story or recounting a series of events
Can be based on personal experience, knowledge gained from reading, or observation
Supports thesis
Draws reader into text
Narration
Closely allied with narration because both include many specific details
Emphasizes the senses
Used to establish mood or atmosphere
Description
Explains how something works
Explains how to do something or how something was done
Key to this: Clarity
Process Analysis
Providing a series of facts, specific cases, or instances
Turns general idea into concrete one
Makes argument more clearer and effective
Exemplification
Juxtaposing to things to highlight their similarities and differences
Can be organized by:
Subject to subject
Point by point
Compare and contrast
Sort material into major categories
Classification and division
Many discussions depend on this First step in debate or disagreement
Definition
Analyzing causes that lead to certain effect
A powerful foundation for an argument
Cause and Effect
