chapter 1

Question 1

fricative

Answer 1

produced by bringing the mouth into position to block the passage of the airstream, but not making complete closure, so that air moving through the mouth generates audible friction. (like f or v)

Question 2

plosive

Answer 2

a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases (p, b)

Question 3

trill

Answer 3

a vibration or series of flaps (see flap) of the tongue, lips, or uvula against some other part of the mouth

Question 4

nasal

Answer 4

speech sound in which the airstream passes through the nose as a result of the lowering of the soft palate (velum) at the back of the mouth. (m, n)

Question 5

tap

Answer 5

A tap is produced if one articulator is thrown against another, as when the loosely held tongue tip makes a single tap against the upper teeth or the alveolar ridge.

Question 6

hyo-

Answer 6

of the hyoid bone or arch

Question 7

genio-

Answer 7

relating to the chin

Question 8

stylo-

Answer 8

column/pillar/tube

Question 9

superior longitudinals

Answer 9

a muscle around the top of the tongue

Question 10

inferior longitudinals

Answer 10

a muscle around the middle of the tongue, looks like the bottom teeth.

Question 11

mylohyoid

Answer 11

It is a flat and triangular muscle that originates from the mandible near the molars hence the prefix “mylo” (Greek for molars) and inserts on the hyoid bone.

Question 12

back vowels

Answer 12

the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant

Question 13

front vowels

Answer 13

highest point of the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant.