Chapter 1

Question 1

Which of the following best characterizes the idea of “mental representations”?
a. A code in the mind that stands for something in the world
b. A process by which the mind engages the world
c. A “0” and a “1” in a Turing machine table
d. A body disposition towards a particular stimulus

Answer 1

a. A code in the mind that stands for something in the world

Question 2

It is correct to say that…
a. … there’s no correspondence between cognitive events and brain states
b. … there are probably very few cognitive events corresponding to neuronal events
c. … the only known cognitive events with a neuronal correlation are attention and memory
d. … in theory, just about all cognitive events correspond to neuronal events

Answer 2

d. … in theory, just about all cognitive events correspond to neuronal events

Question 3

One of the following statements can be taken as an example of a type of knowledge-based behaviour or process:
a. When I am listening to a sentence, the grammatical category of each lexical item is determined together with the structure of the sentence
b. When I am watching a movie in a theater, I’m often distracted by noises that come from people talking during the screening
c. When I am travelling on a bus or car, words from street signs and store are often automatically activated in my mind
d. When I am studying for an exam, I try to highlight the keywords, then I write them down on cue cards, and then I keep reading the cue cards until I understand everything

Answer 3

d. When I am studying for an exam, I try to highlight the keywords, then I write them down on cue cards, and then I keep reading the cue cards until I understand everything

Question 4

“Mental process” refers to…
a. The manipulation of mental representations
b. The creation of computer programs that are intelligent
c. The use of brain events by the perceptual analyzer
d. The study of information retrieval functions

Answer 4

a. The manipulation of mental representation

Question 5

What is the primary level at which cognitive scientists conceive their hypotheses about cognitive phenomena?
a. Atoms and molecules
b. Neurotransmitters and synapses
c. Representation and processes
d. Brain areas and their interconnections

Answer 5

c. Representation and processes

Question 6

One of the following statements can be taken as an example of a type of rule-governed behavior or process:
a. When I go to school, I always do the same thing: walk to the bus stop, take the bus, walk to the building where I have classes.
b. When I recognize an object, my visual system computes information about the edges and surface orientation of objects.
c. When I look at the map of Europe, I often think about the main tourist attractions I visited there.
d. When I get lost in an unknown neighborhood, I try to find a policeman to ask for directions.

Answer 6

b. When I recognize an object, my visual system computes information about the edges and surface orientation of objects.

Question 7

When I recognize an object, my brain first computes its shape. This is an example of…
a. The use of explicit knowledge in cognitive processes.
b. The use of pure perception in cognitive processes.
c. The use of implicit knowledge in cognitive processes.
d. The use of mixed perception in cognitive processes.

Answer 7

c. The use of implicit knowledge in cognitive processes.

Question 8

When I see someone I don’t like, I avoid eye contact. This is an example of…
a. The use of mixed perception in cognitive processes.
b. The use of implicit knowledge in cognitive processes.
c. The use of explicit knowledge in cognitive processes.
d. The use of pure perception in cognitive processes.

Answer 8

c. The use of explicit knowledge in cognitive processes.

Question 9

Marr’s three levels of analysis of a given cognitive domain are?
a. Representational, algorithmic, and reductionist..
b. Computational, algorithmic, and implementation.
c. Introspectionism, behaviorism, and information processing.
d. Starting points, goals, and operators.

Answer 9

b. Computational, algorithmic, and implementation.

Question 10

The fact that visual illusions persist, despite our knowledge of their true nature, demonstrates that:
a. The architecture of the human cognitive system does not include illusions among its representations
b. Perception does not suffice to account for the complexity of the visual world
c. The perceptual system is autonomous in its computations
d. We need more time to interpret ambiguous and illusory figures

Answer 10

c. The perceptual system is autonomous in its computations