Chapter 1: 1.2: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

deals with the structure (morphology) of the body
and its parts (form and organization)

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

studies the functions of these parts and how they
work

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Why is it difficult to separate the topic of anatomy and physiology

Answer 3

The two disciplines are closely interrelated because the
functional role of a part depends on how it is constructed.

Question 4

List examples that illustrate how the structure of a body part makes possible its function

Answer 4

• Long-jointed fingers make it easy to grasp objects.
• The heart’s hollow chambers are adapted to pump blood through tubular blood vessels.
  -The shape of the mouth enables it to receive food

Question 5

Levels of Organization

Answer 5

• All materials, non‐living and living, are composed of chemicals.
• The human body is the sum of its parts, and these parts can be
  studied at a variety of levels of organization.

Question 6

Levels of Organization Cont…

Answer 6

1. Chemicals:
   a.Atoms are the smallest unit of a chemical
   b.Molecules consist of two or more atoms
   c.Macromolecules are large, biologically important
   molecules inside cells.
2. Organelles are aggregates of macromolecules used to
   carry out a specific function in the cell; these are the first
   level of organization found only in living organisms.

Question 7

Levels of Organization Cont…

Answer 7

3.Cells are the basic units of structure and function for living
things.
4.Tissues are groups of cells functioning together.
5.Organs are groups of tissues with specialized functions.
6. Groups of organs function together as organ systems.
7. Organ systems functioning together make up an organism.

Question 8

Homeostasis (1)

Answer 8

• When factors in the external environment (the outside world)
  change, conditions in the internal environment (the fluid
  around the body cells) must remain stable.
• Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called
  homeostasis.

Question 9

Components Homeostasis (2)

Answer 9

Homeostatic Mechanisms have 3 components:
* Receptors:
Structures that monitor deviations from a set point, and
provide information about changes in specific conditions (stimuli)
in the internal environment
* Set
Point: The normal, homeostatic value for a particular variable, which the
the body tries to maintain (for example, the set point for the body
temperature is 98.6°F or 37°C)
* Effectors:
Muscle cells or glands that bring about the changes necessary to
bring a variable back to its set point or normal range

Question 10

Body Planes

Answer 10

• Sagittal plane- divides the body right/left
• Transverse plane - divides the body superior/inferior
• Frontal or coronal - divides the body front/back

Bilateral Symmetry- both halves are equal

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11