Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 core Sociological perspectives?
Functionalist; Conflict/critical; Symbolic Interactionism; Feminism; Post-Modern
What are the basic assumptions and founder(s) with the Functionalist perspective?
Emile Durkheim; A positive approach; how the social order is maintained especially during significant societal change - living organism (constantly evolving and growing) - supports status quo;
What are the basic assumptions and founder(s) with Conflict perspective?
Karl Marx; everyone is competing for resources; power is unequal and unfair; a small, powerful group at the top keeps everyone else on the bottom; the powerful oppress powerless; challenges status quo; always winners and losers; we don’t own anything we buy; freedom is an illusion
What are the basic assumptions and founder(s) with the symbolic Interactionism perspective?
George Herbert Mead, Herbert Blumer; micro; how people develop meaning; subjective interpretation not just objective facts; reality is relative to time, place and person; interpretive approach
What are the basic assumptions and founder(s) with Feminism perspective?
macro and micro; Harriet Martineau; examines patriarchy and gender structures; society is androcentric (male centered, fail to account women’s experiences)
What are the basic assumptions and founder(s) with Post-Structuralist Framework perspective?
Michel Foucalt; post-second world war; response to growing technology and modern reality; don’t just produce things we produce knowledge and ideas; focuses on institutions and domination; what relationship we have with words, colours, shapes;
Society’s expectations for how we are supposed to act, think and look is…
Norms
What is normative?
Behaviours, appearances, and thoughts and correspond to society’s norms.
Agency?
Capacity to make choices
____ is the opportunities an individual has in life, based on various factors including stratification, inequality, race, ethnicity, and gender, (and more)
Life-chances
Empirical Methods
Data collection that produces verifiable findings and is carried out using systematic procedures
What is the concept “Strange in the Familiar”
Instead of assuming that people’s actions are determined solely by personal choice, looking at the ways society shapes those choices
-Looking for oddities and exceptions
-Not taking what normally is taken for granted
General in the Particular
Broader social patterns that are reflected in the actions of individuals
- looking for patterns in behaviour
- Society shapes our life expectations, so we can learn something about society (general) in behaviour (particular)
Microsociology
action, interaction, and the construction of meaning among individuals. Looking at inequality at the local, personal level, and people’s experience of inequality
Macrosociology
examines wider structures, interdependent institutions, and global and historical processes of social life.
