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Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Focuses on how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information

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2
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Focuses on physical substances underlying behavior, thought, and emotion. (brain chemicals)

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3
Q

Social Perspective

A

Changes in thinking or behavior because of context or situation

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4
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

Rewards and punishments influencing behavior.

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5
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

helping others stems from lack of help as a child

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6
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Healthy people help sick people. Pyramid of needs.

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7
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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8
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

How genes and environment work together to influence our individual differences

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9
Q

Behaviorist

A

School of thought that focuses on how we learn. It is observation of external responses.

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10
Q

Freud

A

Founder of psychoanalytic Perspective

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11
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

School of thought that focuses on how behavior comes from the unconscious.

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12
Q

Correlation

A

designed to determine the degree to which two variables are related

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13
Q

Positive Correlation

A

Both variables increase or decrease dependently together. The closer the variables are to 1.0, the stronger the correlation

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14
Q

Negative Correlation

A

Both variables increase or decrease independently of the other. (one increases the other decreases) The closer the variables are to -1.0, the stronger the correlation

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15
Q

Causation

A

When correlation is directly influenced by each other

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16
Q

Zero Correlation

A

No Correlation

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17
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

subjects are observed in their natural environment without their knowledge.

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18
Q

Survey Method

A

uses surveys to collect research

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19
Q

Case Studies

A

Studies one individual to find universal principles

20
Q

Independent Variable

A

Causes something to happen. Variable that is manipulated

21
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable that is affected. Variable that is measured

22
Q

Random Sample

A

Each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. If the sample is not random, the sample is biased.

23
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable prediction

24
Q

How many genes are in the human genome?

A

20,000-25,000

25
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Born from 2 different eggs. Have different genes

26
Q

Identical Twins

A

Born from a split egg. Have identical genetics

27
Q

Norms

A

Understood rules for expected behavior. Comprised of the “expected behavior” of a group

28
Q

Chromosomes

A

46 (23 pairs)

29
Q

Collectivism

A

Group goals over personal goals. Individual needs are sacrificed for the good of the group.

30
Q

Individualism

A

Individual goals over group goals. Separate and independent.

31
Q

Heritability

A

The proportion of characteristics that are determined by genes.

32
Q

Nature

A

Characteristics determined by genetics

33
Q

Nurture

A

Properties determined by upbringing

34
Q

Organizational psychologist

A

use psychological concepts to help businesses. Explore how people and machines interact to minimize frustration

35
Q

Psychometrician

A

analyze and create standardized tests

36
Q

psychiatrist

A

diagnose and treat mental illnesses

37
Q

Scientific Method

A

technique using tools such as observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis to learn about the world

38
Q

Bias

A

situation in which a factor unfairly increases the likelihood of a researcher coming to a certain conclusion

39
Q

researcher bias

A

comes from researcher’s point of view

40
Q

participant bias

A

tendency of research subject to respond in a certain way because they know they are being researched

41
Q

Confounding variable

A

anything that will mess up results

42
Q

double blind experiment

A

neither researcher or participant are know what is happening

43
Q

Predisposition

A

the possibility of something through genetic code. the environment may trigger it

44
Q

Natural Selection

A

darwins principle that those traits contributing to the survival of the species will most likely be passed on to the next generation

45
Q

Peer influences

A

peer group is correlated with many behaviors

Psychology (3 decks)

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