Chapter 1 Flashcards
Cytology
Study of individual cells; simplest unit of life
Histology
study of tissues; Tissues form together to form organs
Gross Anatomy
Deals with structure organs and tissues that are visible to the naked eye
Pathology
examination of samples of body tissues
Homeostasis
existence of a stable environment; for an organism to survive
Integumentary system
skin
Skeletal system
bones
Muscular system
muscles
Nervous system
nerves, brain
Endocrine system
thyroid, gland
Cardiovascular System
heart, vessels
Lymphatic system
lymph nodes, spleen
Respiratory system
lungs, nose
Digestive system
stomach, intestines
Urinary system
kidney, bladder
Reproductive system
genitalia
6 Characteristics of life
Organization Responsiveness Growth and Differentiation Movement Metabolism and Exertion Reproduction
3 sectional planes
Frontal Plane (divides into front & back) Sagittal Plane (divides left & right) Transverse Plane (divides top and bottom)
Supine
person laying in back, face up
Prone
person laying face down
Anterior
toward the front
Posterior
toward the back
Ventral
front
Dorsal
back
Cranial
towards head
Cephalic
head
Superior
above
ex. shoulders are superior to knees
Inferior
below
ex. knees inferior to shoulder
Medial
towards the middle
ex. arm to belly button
Lateral
to your side, away from midpoint
Proximal
toward the trunk
ex. move hand proximally to elbow
Distal
away from trunk
ex. move from elbow distally to hand
Superficial
close to surface of body
Deep
moving away from surface
Anatomical position
straight forward with palms of hands out turned
Atomical Quadrants
Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower
3 middle Atomical regions
Epigastric (liver, stomach)
Umbilical (large, small intestine)
Hypogastric (appendix, Urinary bladder)
6 side anatomical regions
right and left hypochondriac region
right and left lumbar region
right and left inguinal region
Posterior Body Cavities
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Anterior body cavities
Thoracic cavity (upper abdomen) Adominopelvic cavity (lower abdomen)
Negative feedback
a variation outside the desired a range triggers a response to correct the situation
(results are always opposite of whatever condition initiated the response)
Positive feedback
A stimuli produces a response that increases the effect.
results are always the same as whatever initiated the response
What is the purpose of the Anatomical position
clear and consistent why of describing human anatomy and physiology
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body
Physiology
The study of the function of the body
