Chapter 1 Flashcards
Psychology of Language
The mental processes that are involved in language use
Three sets of processes are of primary interest:
- Language comprehension
- Language production
- Language acquisition
The psychological study of language is called:
Psycholinguistics
Tacit knowledge
How to perform various acts
Explicit knowledge
The processes or mechanisms used in acts
Semantics
Meaning of sentences and words
Syntax
Grammatical arrangement of words within a sentence
Phonology
The system of sounds in language
Phoneme
Minimal unit with meaning, it is a sound, not a letter, but is has meaning
Lexical
a set of words of a given language
Meaning, spelling, pronunciation, syntactic characteristics, farious forms of the words, different kinds of sentences into which each form would fit
Morphology
Rules that enable word formation
Pragmatics
Social rules involved in language
Garden Path Sentence
Als we een zin lezen dan selecteren we de betekenis die het meest ‘‘appropriate’’ is, maar soms wordt duidelijk dat je verkeerd zat in je originale interpretatie en dat je geforceerd wordt to ‘‘backtrack and reinterpret the sentence’’
Indirect Request
Can you open the door? i.p.v. Open the door!
Heeft te maken met pragmatiek
Dualty of patterning
Languages have two levels of units: a large number of meaningful elements (words) and a smaller number of meaningless elements (individual speech sounds). These two levels are arranged and combined on the basis of a system of rules
Linguistic productivity
there is no limit to the number of sentences in a language
Deep structure
Meaning
Aspiration
Duff of air
Surface structure
The order in which the words are pronounced
Arbitriariness
There is no logical or intrinsic relationship between sound pattern and concept
Theory of Language production (Wundt)
The sentence, not the word, is the primary unit of language. The production of speech is the transformation of a complete thought process.
Semantic differential
Measuring associative meaning of words.
Rating words good-bad, strong-weak
Chomsky - Poverty of stimulus arguments
There is not enough information in the language samples given to children to fully account for the richness and complexity of children’s language
Exaptation
Utilize preexisting physical structures for new functions
