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EBM Chapter Vocab > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

rule of thumb the book recommends is that if you want to find a comparsion of the most commonly used treatments for a well researched disorder, start with __

A

the in-dept sources

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2
Q

levothyroxine sodium is the treatment of choice for ___

A

hypothyroidism

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3
Q

slow progress disease, abnormally low secretion of thyroid hormone

A

hypothyroidism

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4
Q

as you move away from EB sources like Cochrane Library, you must be increasingly wary of resources that are based on ___ rather than ___

A

opinion rather than research

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5
Q

the objective of this step in the process is tohave a search plan that includes sources with the highest level evidence available in your area of inquiry

A

Identify target resources

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6
Q

when you go to a search page that has just one search field on it and you type words into that field and click a button

A

single field search

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7
Q

most common search procedure

A

single field search

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8
Q

__ will allow you to add criteria to your search that will produce more focused results

A

advanced search option

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9
Q

it is important to use an effective organizational strategy to track your findings in this step..

A

organize findings

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10
Q

trustworthy could also be called __ and __

A

reliability and validity

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11
Q

looking for bias, errors and untested assumptions will help you ___

A

appraise trustworthiness

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12
Q

factors that consider ___ include: the histories of the patients selected for the study, the age of the patients, the type of intervention, the length of the study, the gender and race or ethnicity of patients

A

relevance

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13
Q

the ___ could be one of the following: nothing besides monitoring, or stop treatment after learning about potential adverse effects or interactions, or patient education - depends on the information you gathered

A

action

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14
Q

what is essential in whatever treatment is selected, especially if it involves lifestyle change or adherence to a drug regimen?

A

patient compliance

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15
Q

with or without - the patient you should select the action that fits the health situation, can be achieved with available resources and matches the patients values.

A

with

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16
Q

__ is a practice that incorporates effective patient communication with engagement of the patient in choosing a course of action

A

motivational interviewing

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17
Q

the __ step is to implement the action you and your patient have selected and to evaluate its effectiveness.

A

FINAL!! WOO HOO!

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18
Q

measures of effectiveness can include __ and ___

A

objective and subjective data

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19
Q

information you observe or measure

A

objective

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20
Q

the patients perceptions

A

subjective

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21
Q

the growth of knowledge in health care depends on ___

A

communication of real experiences with patients

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22
Q

the purpose of using ___ for medical information is twofold:
1- give you a vocabulary to assist with formulating search terms
2- to make it easier to discuss and explain the EBP process

A

categories

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23
Q

we create ___ to organize information and to enable communication

A

categories

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24
Q

another means of categorizing medical information is to ___

A

assign the level of evidence

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25
Q

a visual representation and system for categorizing healthcare information according to level of evidence

A

evidence pyramids

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26
Q

the top of the pyramid represent the highest level of evidence, those resources that re considered to be the most ___

A

trustworthy

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27
Q

randomized control trials are shown to be wrong ___

A

25% of the time

28
Q

nonrandomized studies are shown to be wrong __

A

80% of the time

29
Q

large, high quality randomized control trials are shown to be erroneous nearly __ of the time

A

10%

30
Q

systemic reviews and meta analyses is where on the pyramid?

A

the top/peak

31
Q

cochrane review would be where on the pyramid?

A

top

32
Q

critically appraised synthesis or synopsis resources, evidence based reviews, critically appraised topics, patient oriented evidence that matters are where on the pyramid?

A

second from top

33
Q

sources like DynaMed, Physicians information and Education resource and BMJ Point of Care are where on the pyramid?

A

second from top

34
Q

randomized control trials are where on the pyramid?

A

middle of the pyramid or third from the top

35
Q

this level is sometimes subdivided by the size of the study and the levels of blinding. large size, longitudinal, multicenter, double or triple blind studies are generally ranked ___ in its group

A

highest

36
Q

case control studies, case series and case reports are where on the pyramid?

A

4th or second from bottom

37
Q

textbooks, literature review articles, laboratory research and expert opinion pieces are where on the pyramid?

A

5th or bottom

38
Q

__ provides a grading system for its recommendations

A

USPSTF

39
Q

what drug demonstrated the hazard of selecting a treatment without sufficient research?

A

thalidomide - was used as a treatment for morning sickness to help pregnancy women sleep

40
Q

many newborns of mothers who had taken thalidomide were afflicted with ________.

A

phocomelia - knows as “seal limb”

41
Q

caused limb deformities, but also deafness, blindness, cleft palate, and other internal problems. Most frequently the diseases affected the formation of the arms, which ended up look like flippers.

A

phocomelia - because mothers were prescribed thalidomide for morning sickness

42
Q

_____ is a translational form of critical thinking.

A

Evidence - based practice

43
Q

the theoretical skills and concepts of critical thinking are translated into real world applications

A

translational critical thinking

44
Q

What are the 4 learning strategies native to critical thinking that are applied to evidence based practice?

A
  1. solve ill structured problems
  2. self awareness
  3. self direction
  4. active engagement
45
Q

which learning strategy = knowing that the world is far more complex that it first appears

A

solving ill structured problems

46
Q

which learning strategy = must ale interpretive arguments and decision judgements that entail real consequences for which they must make responsibility and form which they may not flee by disclaiming expertise

A

solving ill structured problems

47
Q

T/F it is very common for a patient care decision to be a simple right/wrong choice.

A

false

48
Q

being aware of their own knowledge, skills and beliefs = which learning strategy?

A

self awareness

49
Q

We need the ability to accept mistakes so that we can learn from them is under which learning strategy?

A

self awareness

50
Q

T/F Self Awareness involves reflecting on successes, as well as your mistakes ; have the curiosity to seek new knowledge and possess the humility to admit they need that knowledge.

A

true

51
Q

What is meant by the saying “don’t be so open minded that your brain falls out”?

A

it is a common fear that critical thinking causes people to become indecisive or loose their core values

  • consideration of multiple perspectives can cause you to believe there is no right answer, and hence forever vacillate between choices
  • self awareness prevents this
52
Q

Indecision is caused by _____, not by information.

A

fear

53
Q

_____ causes you to recognize fear, and be able to use information to choose a course of action.

A

self awareness

54
Q

____ is also referred to as independent thinking, and leads to independence.

A

self- direction

55
Q

seeking to expand your knowledge and skills; being intrinsically motivated by a desire to learn and continuously improve. Seek knowledge without the provocation of an external award = ______ learning strategy.

A

self direction

56
Q

what trait is evident in clinicians who participate in continuing education beyond the minimum required hours to retain their licenses or who learn about topics outside of their specialties

A

self- direction

57
Q

which learning strategy = focuses on the responsibility for learning on the student, feather than on the instructor

A

active learning

58
Q

give some examples of active learning

A

asking questions, taking notes, complete assigned readings prior to lecture. (and take notes on the reading)

59
Q

active learning takes many forms but the key ingredient is ______.

A

student accountability

60
Q

what is the one area where active learning is most evident within a student?

A

exams

61
Q

the process of combining the best available research evidence with you knowledge and skill to make collaborative, patient - or population - centered decisions within the context of a given healthcare situation.

A

evidence base practice

62
Q

best available research, knowledge and skill, collaborative, patient centered decisions, and context of a given clinical situation are the four key concepts of ______>

A

evidence base practice

63
Q

study design and funding sources are key consideration sod ______. which key concept of EBP?

A

best available research

64
Q

form the basis for every decision you make. critical thinking is competency to this aspect of healthcare decision making. Which key concept of EBP?

A

knowledge and skill

65
Q

research deals with representative samples, but individual patients each have unique needs and responses to treatment as well as individual desires and circumstances. which key concept of EBP?

A

collaborative, patient centered decisions.

66
Q

many situational factors influence health decisions such as the specialties of clinical team members, the setting in which the patient is seen, available resources, urgency of the patients complaint, the patients ability to pay, and the preference of the patient and the family. Which key concept of EBP?

A

context of a given clinical situation

67
Q

the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients

A

evidence base medicine

EBM Chapter Vocab (6 decks)

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