Chapter 1 Flashcards
Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of independence of one living organism to another
Parasitology
Concerned primarily with the parasite of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human community
Medical parasitology
The population at risk of contracting parasite
Refugees Immigrants Visitors Immunocompromised Individual in underdeveloped countries People living in close quarters Children who attend day care centers
Mode of transmission
Ingestion of contaminated food/drinks hand to mouth transfer Insect bite Entry via skin drilling through the skin Unprotected sexual relation mouth to mouth contact droplet contamination Eye contact with contaminated swimming water
Parasites are often described according to their
habitat or mode of development.
- Type of parasite
- Type of Host
- Parasite Host relationship
Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host
Obligatory parasite
Parasite capable of existing independenlty of host
Facultative parasite
Parasite established inside the host
Endoparasite
Parasite established outside the host
Ectoparasite
Host other than the normal one that is harboring parasite
Accidental/ incidental host
Host which adult sexual phase occur
Definitive host
Larval asexual phase of parasite development occur
Intermediate host
Host harboring parasite that are parasitic to human and from which human may become infected
Reservoir host
Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another
Transport host
Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others
Carrier
Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species
Symbiosis
Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other
Commensalism
Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both
Mutualism
Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense
Parasitism
Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which one benefits and has a neutral effect on the other
Commensal
Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease
Pathogenic
T h r e e c o m m o n c o m p o n e n t s of parasite life cycle
- Mode of Transmission
- Infective Stage
- Diagnostic Stage
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Prevention and control measures may be taken against every parasite infective to humans.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL 2
- Development and implementation of parasite awareness education programs
- Proper water treatment
- Good personal hygiene
- Proper sanitation practices
- Proper handling, cooking and protection of foods
Use of insecticides and other chemicals
Use of protective clothing
Use of protective netting
A v o i d a n c e o f u n p r o t e c t e d s e x u a l relations
___ is the most commonly submitted sample
Stool
Typical stool analysis consists of performing _______ on a portion of unpreserved sample when available
macroscopic and microscopic techniques
The traditional parasite recovery method, often referred to as an
O&P, in which “O” stands for ova (eggs) and “P” stands for parasites
NEWER PARASITE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS TECHNIQUES
- Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
- Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
- Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
- Latex agglutination (LA)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Rapid immunochromatography technique
The scientific names of parasites are written in
italics and consist of two components, genus and species.
