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PARASITOLOGY > amoebas > Flashcards

amoebas Flashcards

1
Q

The most important feature that separates amebas from the other groups of unicellular Protozoa is

A

the means by which they move.

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2
Q

Amoebas are equipped with the ability to extend their cytoplasm in the form

A

of pseudopods (false feet), which allows them move within their environment.

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3
Q

Trophozoites

A

the form that feeds, multiplies, and possesses pseudopods

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4
Q

Cysts

A

the nonfeeding stage characterized by a thick protective cell wall designed to protect the parasite from the harsh outside environment

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5
Q

The morphologic conversion from the cyst form into the trophozoite form, occurs in the ileocecal area of the intestine.

A

Excystation

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6
Q

The conversion of trophozoite to cysts.

A

Encystation

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7
Q

often show motility of the amebic trophozoites.

A

Saline wet preparations

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8
Q

The internal cytoplasmic, as well as the nuclear structures, may be more readily seen with the use of

A

iodine wet preparations

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9
Q

In the United States, amebiasis is often found in

A

immigrants from and people who have traveled to underdeveloped countries.

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10
Q

The trophozoite exhibits rapid, unidirectional, progressive movement.

A

Entamoeba histolytica troph

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11
Q

The nucleus contains a small central mass of chromatin known as a karyosome (karyosomal chromatin).

A

Entamoeba histolytica troph

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12
Q

The karyosome is surrounded by peripheral chromatin.

A

Entamoeba histolytica troph

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13
Q

Entamoeba histolytica troph no. of nuclei

A

1

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophcytoplasmic inclusion

A

ingested rbc

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15
Q

Entamoeba histolytica troph cytoplasm

A

finely granular

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16
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst shape

A

spherical to round

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17
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst no. of nuclei

A

1-4

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18
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst cytoplasmic inclusion

A
  • chromatoid bars, rounded ends in young cyst

- diffused glycogen mass

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19
Q

Young cysts characteristically contain unorganized chromatin material that transforms into squared or round ended structures call chromatoid bars, defined as structures that contain condensed RNA material.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

RBCs, bacteria, yeast,
and other debris are
not found in the cyst
stage.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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21
Q

Entamoeba histolytica lab diagnosis

A
  • A special medium known at TYI-S- 33 supports E. histolytica in culture.
  • Methods currently available include antigen tests, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA), gel diffusion precipitin (GDP), and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).
AT
ELISA
IHA
GDP
IIF
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22
Q

Entamoeba histolytica infection occurs in as many as

A

10% of the world’s population

23
Q

leading cause of parasitic deaths after only malaria.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

24
Q

Where people tend to harbor E.

histolytica.

A

Locations at which human waste is used as fertilizer,
areas of poor sanitation, hospitals for the mentally ill,
prisons, and day care centers.

25
Q

in E. histolytica Ingestion of the infective stage, the cyst,

A

occurs through hand-to-mouth contamination and food or water contamination, unprotected sex. Improperly treated water supplies

26
Q

___ may also serve as vectors (living carriers responsible for transmitting parasites from infected hosts uninfected hosts) of E. histolytica by depositing infective cysts on unprotected food.

A

Flies and cockroaches

27
Q

is the only known pathogenic intestinal ameba.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

28
Q

Patients infected with E. histolytica who exhibit symptoms often suffer from

A

amebic colitis

29
Q

amebic colitis is defined as

A

an intestinal infection caused by the presence of amebas exhibiting symptoms.

30
Q

Amebic dysentery

A

condition characterized by blood and mucus in the stool.

31
Q

in E. histolytica, The formation of

A

an abscess in the right lobe of the liver and trophozoite extension through the diaphragm, causing amebic pneumonitis, may occur.

32
Q

In addition to the liver, E. histolytica has been known to

A

migrate to and infect other organs, including the lung, pericardium, spleen, skin, and brain.

33
Q

Men become infected with penile amebiasis after experiencing

A

unprotected sex with a woman who has vaginal amebiasis.

34
Q

Entamoeba histolytica treatment

A
  • Paromomycin
  • Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)
  • Metronidazole (Flagyl)
35
Q

The trophozoite exhibits nonprogressive motility.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

36
Q

Cytoplasm of __does not contain ingested red blood cells.

A

E. hartmanni

37
Q

presence of ingested bacteria

A

E. hartmanni

38
Q

Spherical cysts may have one, two, three, or four nuclei.

A

E. hartmanni

39
Q

Young cysts have diffuse glycogen mass and round-ended chromatoid bars, similar to those seen in E. histolytica.

A

E. hartmanni

40
Q

Lab diagnosis of E. hartmanni

A
  • Stool examination

* It is important to note that the size ranges of E. histolytica and E. hartmanni overlap.

41
Q

The geographic distribution of E. hartmanni is

A

cosmopolitan.

42
Q

in E. hartmanni ingestion of infected cysts present in contaminated food or water accounts for the

A

transmission

43
Q

Typically asymptomatic.

A

E. hartmanni

44
Q

It is generally considered a nonpathogen and treatment is usually not indicated.

A

E. hartmanni

45
Q

In unstained preparations, the karyosome and surrounding peripheral chromatin appear as refractile structures.

A

Entamoeba coli

46
Q

Motility of E. coli

A

blunt pseudopods

47
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli

A

ingested bacteria, other food particles

48
Q

karyosome of E. coli

A

large,irregular shape, eccentric

49
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli

A

vacoule containing bacteria

50
Q

no. of nuclei of E. coli cyst

A

1-8

51
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli cyst

A
  • Thin chromatoid bars with pointed to splintered ends in young cysts
  • Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts, may displace nuclei (often seen in cysts with two nuclei) to opposite ends of the cyst
52
Q

E. coli is found

A

worldwide. In addition to warm climates, E. coli also occurs in cold climates.

53
Q
  • Geographic areas that have poor hygiene and sanitation practices.
  • E. coli is transmitted through the ingestion of the infected cyst through contaminated food or drink.
A

E. coli

54
Q

polecki treatment

A
  • Metronidazole

* Diloxanide furoate

PARASITOLOGY (3 decks)

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