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Biology > Chapter 1 - 1.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - 1.1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the 6 elements for the chemical foundation for the diversity of life?

A

C H N O P S

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1
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

92

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2
Q

The smallest particle of an element is an

A

Atom

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3
Q

All atoms of an element have the same number of

A

Protons

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4
Q

Number of ______ varies, resulting in ________

A

Neutrons / isotopes

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5
Q

Isotopes have different

A

Atomic masses

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6
Q

Isotopes that are unstable and decay over time are called

A

Radioisotopes

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7
Q

What is a molecule

A

A substance composed of two or more non-metal atoms that are covalently bonded together

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8
Q

Intramolecular forces

A

Forces WITHIN molecules that hold atoms together

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9
Q

Covalent bonds form when

A

Electron shells of 2 atoms overlap do that same valence electrons of each are shared

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10
Q

The property governing how strongly an atom attracts electrons is

A

Electronegativity

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11
Q

Unequal sharing of electrons due to a difference in electronegativity results in a ________ bond

A

Polar covalent

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12
Q

Atoms with a higher electronegativity have a ______ charge.

A

Negative

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13
Q

Atoms with a lower electronegativity have a ______ charge.

A

Positive

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14
Q

2 atoms with similar electronegativities that equally share electrons are

A

Non-polar covalent

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15
Q

Most hydrocarbons are

A

Non-polar covalent

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16
Q

Forces BETWEEN molecules are

A

Intermolecular forces

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17
Q

Which forces are weaker: intermolecular or intermolecular?

A

Intermolecular

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18
Q

What are the two types of intermolecular forces?

A

H bonding and hydrophobic interactions

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19
Q

Hydrophilic molecules are: polar or non-polar

A

Polar

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20
Q

Hydrophilic means

A

Water loving

21
Q

Hydrophobic means

A

Water fearing

22
Q

Hydrophobic molecules are: polar or non-polar

A

Non-polar

23
Q

Oil and water are an example of

A

Hydrophobic interactions

24
Q

An ion that has lost an electron has a ______ charge

A

Positive

25
Q

An ion that has gained an electron has a ______ charge

A

Negative

26
Q

An ion with a positive charge is called a

A

Cation

27
Q

An ion with a negative charge is called an

A

Anion

28
Q

An ion that has lost an electron is a

A

Cation

29
Q

An ion that has gained an electron is an

A

Anion

30
Q

Cluster of atoms that always behave a certain way are

A

Functional groups

31
Q

Functional groups bonded with molecules will give the molecules the same chemical properties T/F

A

T

32
Q

Properties of hydroxyl

A

Polar

33
Q

Properties of carbonyl

A

Polar

34
Q

Properties of carboxyl

A 
Polar
Acidic (donates a proton)
35
Q

Properties of an amino

A

Polar

Basic (accepts a proton)

36
Q

Properties of a sulfhydryl

A

Slightly polar

37
Q

Properties of phosphate

A

Polar

Negatively charged

38
Q

Hydroxyl

A

OH

39
Q

Carbonyl

A

C=O

40
Q

Carboxyl

A

O=C-OH

41
Q

Amino

A

N-H

42
Q

Sulfhydryl

A

SH

43
Q

Phosphate

A 
O-
      |
-O-P-O-
      ||
      O
44
Q

Hydroxyl found in

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Lipids

45
Q

Carbonyl found in

A

Carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

46
Q

Carboxyl found in

A

Proteins

Lipids

47
Q

Amino found in

A

Proteins

Nucleic acids

48
Q

Sulfhydryl found in

A

Proteins

49
Q

Phosphate found in

A

Nucleic acids

50
Q

The shape of molecules influences their

A

Behaviour and function

Biology (2 decks)

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