Chapter 1

Question 1

Solids gases and liquids;

• Matter is made of: ______1_______
• The 3 states of matter: ______2_______
• 4 Substances that sublime: ______3_______

Answer 1

1. tiny particles, that have kinetic energy, which causes them to vibrate and/or move.
2. solid, liquid and gas
3. iodine, carbon dioxide, graphite ammonium chloride

Question 2

Brownian motion

• Fluids are made up of particles that are _______1_______ because ________2________
• This can be seen using ________3_________.
• The smoke particles move _________4______.

Answer 2

1. always moving randomly
2. they are being constantly bombarded (hit) by gaseous air particles.
3. a microscope in a “smoke cell”
4. in a zig-zag pattern

Question 3

Diffusion

Can diffusion be caused by the substance being stirred or mixed or blown by the wind?

Answer 3

In diffusion the substance moves by itself

Question 4

What do Experiments to show diffusion use as a solute and solvent?

Answer 4

a coloured substance is usually placed in water or air

so we can watch it move and spread out; Most fluids are colourless, so it is hard to see them move

Question 5

Describe speed of diffusion in:

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases

Answer 5

1. diffuse so slowly that we say they do not diffuse.
2. diffuse slowly (takes many hours or days for a liquid to diffuse)
3. diffuse the fastest out of the 3 states of matter. Different gases diffuse at different speeds, depending on the mass or density of the gas.

Question 6

Why is diffusion in gases quicker than in liquids?

Answer 6

This is because the particles in a gas are moving in a continuous rapid random motion whereas particles in a liquid move much more slowly.

Question 7

Factors that affect the Rate of Diffusion in gases.

Answer 7

• The rate of diffusion is faster for low density/low Mr or Ar gases and vice versa.
• The rate of diffusion will increase as the temperature increases.