Chapter 1

Question 1

Chemistry definition

Answer 1

Study of matter and the changes in
the physical and chemical states of
matter.

Question 2

Matter definition

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and occupies
space
◦ Made up of elements and
compounds

Question 3

States of matter

Answer 3

gas: compressible, indefinite shape, volume
liquid: incompressible, indefinite shape, definite volume.
solid: incompressible, definite shape, volume

Question 4

Element definition

Answer 4

The most basic form of matter that exists
under ordinary conditions.
Elements cannot be broken down into simpler
substances.
Atoms are the smallest particles of the
elements.

Question 5

Compound definition

Answer 5

A unique form of matter in which 2 or more
elements are chemically combined in fixed
proportions.

Question 6

Pure substances

Answer 6

Elements and compounds are examples of

pure substances

Question 7

Mixtures

Answer 7

Combinations of Elements and Compounds
result in mixtures.
◦ 2 types of mixtures
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

Question 8

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 8

A mixture which consists of a single phase . 
Also referred to as solutions.
Properties:
Uniform composition throughout
Components are indistinguishable
Can be separated by physical means

Question 9

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 9

Consists of two or more distinct regions of 
different properties.
Properties:
Does not have uniform composition 
throughout
Components are distinguishable
Can be separated by ordinary physical 
methods

Question 10

Properties of matter (types)

Answer 10

physical and chemical

Question 11

Physical properties of matter

Answer 11

Physical Properties…
◦ Can be observed without changing a substance
into another substance.
◦ Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.

Question 12

Chemical properties of matter

Answer 12

Chemical Properties…
◦ Can only be observed when a substance is
changed into another substance.
◦ Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid,
etc.

Question 13

Intensive vs extensive properties

Answer 13

◦ Are independent of the amount of the substance
that is present.
◦ Density, boiling point, color, etc.

Extensive Properties…
◦ Depend upon the amount of the substance
present.
◦ Mass, volume, energy, etc.

Question 14

Measurements

Answer 14

Scientific testing requires quantitative
measurements
Reporting numbers
◦ All scientific measurements are subject to error
◦ The reliability of a measurement is reflected by

Question 15

Significant Figures

Answer 15

to find the number of sig figs in a number count the number of digits 3.34 ( 3 sig figs)
zeros are significant when between other nonzero digits 3.034 (4 sig figs)
zeroes are sig when right of the decimal point AND a nonzero digit. 3.0340 (5 sig figs)
3.0000 (5 sig figs)
Zeros are not significant when left of the first non-zero sig fig
• 0.023 (2 sig figs)
Ambiguous zeros (no decimal indicated)
• 12,000 (2 sig figs)
12001 (5 sig figs)
Exact values have infinite sig figs
• 12 eggs = 1 dozen
• 7 days = 1 week

Question 16

Operations involving sig figs

Answer 16

when adding or subtracting number using sig figs, the answer is only as accurate to the number with the least amount digits following the decimal point.

when multiplying and dividing the answer is only as accurate as the number with the least amount of significant figures.

Question 17

Accuracy vs precision

Answer 17

Accuracy is the degree to which a group of numbers are close to a “true” or “known” value.
Precision is the degree to which a group of numbers are close to each other

Question 18

SI mass

Answer 18

kilogram, kg

Question 19

SI length

Answer 19

meter, m

Question 20

SI time

Answer 20

second, sec, s

Question 21

SI temperature

Answer 21

kelvin, K

Question 22

SI amount of substance

Answer 22

mole, mol

Question 23

SI electric current

Answer 23

Amp, A

Question 24

SI luminous intensity

Answer 24

candela, cd

Question 25

Derived units

Answer 25

a unit per unit
such as
miles per hours
density is a derived unit: d=m/v
usually in g/mL

Question 26

Liter

Answer 26

a liter,L, is a cubic decimeter

a milliLiter, mL is a cubic centimeter

Question 27

Temperature conversions F–>C

Answer 27

C= (F-32)(5/9)

Question 28

Temp con C–>F

Answer 28

F=(9/5)C + 32

Question 29

Temp con C–>K

Answer 29

K= C + 273.15
K is not in degrees

C=K-273.15

Question 30

Dimensional analysis

Answer 30

use dimensional analysis to convert from one quantity to another using conversion factors.
use the conversion factor that puts the sought after unit in the numerator.