chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an atom?

A

smallest part of an element that can exist

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2
Q

what is Daltons model of an atom?

A

atoms as solid spheres that could be not divided smaller parts

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3
Q

what is the plum pudding model?

A

sphere of positive electrons with negative electrons embedded in it

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4
Q

what did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiment ?

A

some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil-

this showed that an atom mass is positive and must be concentrated in one small space (nucleus)

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5
Q

what did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiment ?

A

some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil-

this showed that an atom mass is positive and must be concentrated in one small space (nucleus)

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6
Q

describe the nuclear model of the atom

A

dense nucleus with electrons orbiting it

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7
Q

what did niels bohr discover?

A

electrons orbit in fixed energy levels (shells)

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8
Q

what did James Chadwick discover?

A

uncharged particle is called the neutron

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9
Q

where are protons and neutrons?

A

in the nucleus

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10
Q

what is the relative mass of each sub-atomic particle?

A

proton 1
neutron 1
electron 0 (very small)

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11
Q

what is the relative charge of each sub-atomic particle?

A

proton +1
neutron 0
electron -1

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12
Q

how can you find out the number of protons in an atom?

A

the atomic number on the periodic table

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13
Q

how can you calculate the number of neutrons in the atom

A

mass number - atomic number

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14
Q

why do atoms have no overall charge

A

they have the equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons

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15
Q

how many electrons would you find in the first, second, third shell

A

up to 2 in the first shell and up to 8 in in the second and third

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16
Q

what is an element?

A

substance made up of one type of atom

17
Q

what is a compound?

A

substance made up of more than one atom chemically joined together

18
Q

what is a mixture?

A

two or more substance not chemically combined

19
Q

what is an isotope?

A

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons

20
Q

what are the four physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures

A

filtration, crystallisation, fractional distillation, simple distillation, chromatography

21
Q

what is relative mass?

A

the average mass of all the atoms of an element