Chapter 1

Question 1

Nativism

Answer 1

Knowledge is inborn

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

Knowledge is gained through experience

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

The task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and then investigate how the elements are related.

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

Psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness.

Question 5

Behaviourism

Answer 5

Psychology should only study observable behaviour

Question 6

Skinner’s theory

Answer 6

All behaviour is caused by external stimulation

Question 7

Psychoanalysis

Answer 7

People’s behaviour is caused by subconscious factors

Question 8

Humanism

Answer 8

Emphasis of unique human qualities.
-Freedom, potential for personal growth

-Optimistic view on human behaviour

Question 9

Cognition

Answer 9

The mental process of getting information.

Question 10

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

The idea that behaviour patterns are passed down through generations

Question 11

Clinical Psychology

Answer 11

Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment.

• Interviews clients, tests them, and provides psychotherapy

Question 12

Counselling psychology

Answer 12

Helps people who are struggling with everyday problems.

Question 13

Educational and school psychology

Answer 13

• Helps improve the design of the curriculum
• Trains teachers
• Counsels students who are struggling
• Helps parents solve school related problems

Question 14

Industrial and organizational psychology

Answer 14

• Workplace psychologists

- Human resources

Question 15

Psychiatry

Answer 15

A medical branch that focuses on diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.

• Psychology takes a non medical approach

Question 16

Developmental psychology

Answer 16

Focuses on human development throughout their life

Question 17

Social psychology

Answer 17

Focuses on social aspects that can influence behaviour

Question 18

Educational Psychology

Answer 18

Focuses on how people learn and how to teach people

Question 19

Health Psychology

Answer 19

Focuses on how your physical health can influence your mental well-being

Question 20

Behavioural neuroscience

Answer 20

Focuses on how genetic factors can influence your behaviour

Question 21

Experimental psychology

Answer 21

The early days of psychology (sensation, perception, learning etc.)

Question 22

Cognitive psychology

Answer 22

Focuses on the higher mental processes (memory, reasoning, etc.)

Question 23

Psychometrics

Answer 23

Focuses on measuring behaviour through psychological tests

Question 24

Personality

Answer 24

Determining patterns in people’s behaviour

Question 25

Psychology is empirical

Answer 25

Psychology’s conclusions are based on direct observations and studies rather than just guessing

Question 26

Psychology is theoretically diverse

Answer 26

Psychology has many different theories about behaviour

Question 27

Psychology evolves in a socio-historical context

Answer 27

Trends and issues in society’s past influences psychology

Question 28

Behaviour is determined by multiple causes

Answer 28

You cannot blame one single cause for behaviour

AKA multifactorial causation of behaviour

Question 29

Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage

Answer 29

Your culture can influence your behaviour

Question 30

Hereditary and environment jointly influence behaviour

Answer 30

Your genetic DNA and your physical environment are both factors that can affect your behaviour

Question 31

People’s experience of the world is highly subjective

Answer 31

Everyone’s perception of stimuli is personalized and subjective to them