Chapter 1

Question 1

writing principles: Moral Values

Answer 1

1. Justice

2. honesty

Question 2

Writing principles: Moral principles

Answer 2

1. I will not….

2. I will not lie cheat and steal

Question 3

Moral dilemmas faced by sport personnel

Answer 3

Judgement of moral value and obligation

Question 4

judgement of moral value and obligation

Answer 4

1. goodness or badness judged
2. morally right or wrong actions

example:
1. wills reed (NBA) - 1970 game 7
2. TO (NFL) - 2005 super bowl

Question 5

shifting from strategic to moral reasoning

Answer 5

• strategic obligations
• moral obligations
• moral judgements
• bracketed morality

Question 6

strategic obligations

Answer 6

what’s best for me or my group

Question 7

moral obligations

Answer 7

• involves consideration of others and my relationship with them
• scrutinizes motives, intentions, and character traits

Question 8

moral judgements

Answer 8

• decisions reached through our process of moral reasoning

- determination made about goodness - badness of motive, intention, and trait or rightness - wrongness of an action

Question 9

bracketed morality

Answer 9

• greater moral freedom for participants during athletic contests
• looser moral expectations than everyday life

examples:
- taking out the quarterback
- spitball

Question 10

athletic excellence

Answer 10

integrity of sporting context

Question 11

integrity of sporting context

Answer 11

• equal competition
• fairness
• safety
• decent
• these four things are essential if sport is to maintain popularity with fans

Question 12

choosing strategic or moral reasoning

Answer 12

• high school hockey scenario
• 2 - 0 lead in 3rd, breakaway or trip opponent
• consider negative and positive consequences
• what “should” the defender do?

Question 13

arguments

Answer 13

• a form of reasoning

- series of statements explaining what a person believes is true and why

Question 14

statements

Answer 14

true or false statements

Question 15

premises

Answer 15

statements explaining why someone believes something

Question 16

conclusion

Answer 16

statements asserting a belief

Question 17

strategic and moral reasoning differences

Answer 17

• respect or disrespect for
• need for fair play because
• strategic reasoning is..
• moral reasoning considers..

Question 18

respect or disrespect for

Answer 18

rules, opponent, sport, legal tactics

Question 19

Need for fair play because

Answer 19

Fairness = meaningful comparisons

Question 20

Strategic reasoning is….

Answer 20

Egoistic - most advantageous for me or my team

Question 21

Moral reasoning considers:

Answer 21

Moral values

Interests of others (fans, opponents, officials)

Question 22

Strategic reasoning decision making model

Answer 22

Strategic reasoning is grounded in….

Reasoning in this way denies…

Question 23

Strategic reasoning is grounded in….

Answer 23

Psychological hedonism or seeking happiness for oneself

In sport, we refer to psychological egoism or seeking own best interests (egoistic)

Question 24

Reasoning in this way denies…

Answer 24

Altruistic thought

Question 25

Consequentialism

Answer 25

The consequences of actions are the primary element..
Actions are judged on how they will affect:
Means to end okay if:

Question 26

Consequentialism

The consequences of actions are the primary element..

Answer 26

In determining the right action to take in a given situation

Question 27

Consequentialism

Actions are judged on how they will affect:

Answer 27

Oneself or others; not based on moral values

Question 28

Consequentialism

Means to end okay if:

Answer 28

Outcome perceived positive by those individuals or groups impacted
Outcome not hurtful to others

Question 29

Utilitarianism (component of consequentialism)

A universal form of hedonism developed by John Staurt Mill

Answer 29

Greatest happiness principle

Right decision is the one that brings the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest # of people

Question 30

Utilitarianism (component of consequentialism)

Alternative approach is best interests (author)

Answer 30

Right decision is the one that will be best for the individual affected by the decision 
NCAA example (p.23). 
Greatest happiness keeps organization functioning effectively

Question 31

Teleologic moral theory

Answer 31

Moral values - based approach
Requires individuals to cultivate values in their lives and to use these values as guides to right conduct and action
In sport, must consider what our purpose is (as fan, athlete, coach etc)
Moral excellence comes about as a result of habit - aristotle
If we have not practiced our moral values, what’s the chance that we will use them?

Question 32

Deontological moral theory (kant)

Basic principle is…

Answer 32

Whether an action would be generally accepted if applied to all people
Example:
Golden rule - do unto others as you would have done unto you

Question 33

Deontological moral theory (kant)

Categorical imperative

Answer 33

Act only on the principle that you are willing to make general law; universalizable principles
Example: Honesty
Never lie, cheat, or steal

Question 34

Deontological moral theory

Hypothetical imperatives

Answer 34

Are principles that bring about actions that fulfil a specific desire or consequence
Are not morally driven
People figure out the consequences they want and act in a way they believe will give them their desired result

Question 35

Deontological moral theory
Form of strategic reasoning
Examples:

Answer 35

Cheat on math test to remain eligible

Take steroids to recover more quickly from injury so that I may help my team win

Question 36

What happens if two of your moral principles conflict?

Example

Answer 36

WWII - Germany

Honesty and beneficence

Question 37

Principles developed from moral values

Answer 37

Never tell a lie (honesty)
Never do harm, prevent harm (beneficence)
Therefore, we must “stack” our own moral values
Used for guidance in our everyday lives