chapter 1

Question 1

fluid

Answer 1

A substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress of any magnitude that does not exhibit a shape.

Question 2

fluid vs. solid

Answer 2

if a shear force is applied to a solid it will initially deform and eventually fail but does not continuously deform

Question 3

Primary Quanities

Answer 3

Either F,L,T or M,L,T

Question 4

Secondary Quantities

Answer 4

Quantities derived from primary quanitities

Question 5

Notation

Answer 5

= with the dot above means that the derived term is in the primary units. Or use brackets Ex: [A]=L^2 to denote that area is fundamentally in terms of L^2

Question 6

Use secondary quantities to find rho

Answer 6

rho=[M]/[V]

Question 7

Surface forces

Answer 7

Normal forces perpindicular to the surface of a fluid particle derived from pressure. Shear forces tangent to the surface derived from pressure.

Question 8

Body forces

Answer 8

Forces derived from the external fields in which we exist. Ex: weight is derived from our gravity field.

Question 9

Specific weight

Answer 9

gamma=rho*g which denotes the weight/volume.

Question 10

water SW @ 60 F

Answer 10

62.4 lbs/ft^3 or 9.80 kn/m^3

Question 11

Specific Gravity

Answer 11

rho(material)/rho(water @ 4 C) ->rho(material)/(1000kg/m^3) or (1.94 slugs/ft^3)

Question 12

How to use SG

Answer 12

SG*rho(h2o)=rho(material)

Question 13

Ideal Gas law

Answer 13

fundamentally relates how changes in pressure and temperature impact rho.

rho=P/RT or P=rho*R*T where P and T are ABSOLUTE values

Question 14

Rankins

Answer 14

^oR=F+459.67= absolute temperature for F

Question 15

Given: The volume of a can, its empty and full weight

Find SG (liquid)

Answer 15

First find the mass of the liquid within the can. Use the volume to determine density. Divide ρ(liquid)/ρ(H₂O)

Question 16

Given: One plate, a distance of y, above a motionless plate has a velocity of U. There are two liquids between the plates with given viscosities and of equal proportion.

Find: shear stress at the interface and plates

Answer 16

1. ) find U(y) for each of the fluids by using U(y)=(deltaU/Deltay)*(y+boundary condition)+boundary condition
2. ) find the derivative of U(y)
3. ) τ=viscosity*dU/dy