Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 109 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Scientific Method

A 
observation
question
hypothesis
experiment
anaylze
report results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Control

A

A control is a part of the experiment that does not change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

replicates

A

means they are more likely to be correct. Repeated replication of investigations may turn a hypothesis into a theory. On the other hand, if results cannot be replicated they are likely to be incorrect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After making careful observations, scientists construct a(n)

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about a hypothesis?

A

It always withstands the test of experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The final outcome of any scientific investigation is “proving” the premise of the question.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

highest praise you can give to a concept
highest level of trust
huge amouts of predictions and always seem to come out as true

A

theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Seeing faces in inanimate objects is an example of

A

hardwired human bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The statistical cutoff for scientific significance requres a minimum of a _________ chance that the observed effect is not due to chance.

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tentative explanations
testable and falsifiable
estimated idea

A

hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Importance of evidence:

A

We trust it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Belief vs Evidence

A

Scientific method is far more reliable and strict vs belief can be based on imagination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

major elemental constituents (greater than 1%)

A

oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen

calcium
phosoporus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles, ______________ and ______________.

A

protons; neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Consequences of being deficient in trace elements in your diet:

A

body cannot function properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are atoms:

basic structure:

A

smallest particles that retain properties of an element

electrons (-)
Protons (+)
neutrons (no charge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bohr model of an atom

A

nucleus - center
contains neutrons and protons
surrounding orbit - electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Same number as protons

A

atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other.

A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atoms that bear a positive or negative charge are known as

A

ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

protons and neutrons added together:

A

atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

protons cant change

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when neutrons change

when atoms of an element with different number of neutrons

A

isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

number of electrons = to

A

= number of protons

25
Q

electron “shells” (valences)

A

“distance from the nucleus”

electrons exist in different energetic states

26
Q

electrons that are further away are at a ____level

A

higher

27
Q

inner shell can only hold ____

A

2 electrons

28
Q

out sehll can hold ____

A

up to 8 “octet rule”

29
Q

period table column:

A

refer to the # of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom

30
Q

period table row:

A

number of shells that ocupied by electrons

31
Q

how to you make atoms stable (happy)

A

Lose/gain electrons because atoms like to have their shell full

32
Q

left side of periodic table tend to ____to gain stability

A

lose electrons - tend to be metals

33
Q

column 4 5 6 7tend to _____ to gain stability

A

gain or share

34
Q

column 8 tends to ____ to gain stability

A

unreactive

noble gases

35
Q

ions

A

elements that have gained or lost electrons

36
Q

if you lose electrons you tend to be:

A 
positively charged
(metals)
37
Q

if you gain electrons you tend to be

A

negative Charge

non metals

38
Q

bond:

A

union between electrons in atoms

39
Q

atoms bond to form:

A

molecules

40
Q

covelant bond:

A

strong bond
share electrons to share outermost shell
very stable

41
Q

ionic bonds:

A

weak bond

positive and negative charge bond together

42
Q

hydrogen bond:

A

weak bond

when hydrogen covalently bonded to another atom is also attracted to another atom ( typically negative)

43
Q

Why is carbon special?

A 
carbon has 4 electrons in its outmost shell
rather than give or gain it shares
almost never behaves ionically
behaves covalently
among the strongest in the natural world
44
Q

non-polar molecules

A

when atoms share electrons equally they create a compound that has no net electrical charge
equally distributed

Hydrogen molecule - non polar stable bond

45
Q

polar molecules

A

not an equal distribution - asymetrical

attract opposite charge

46
Q

electronegativity

A

bonds that attract opposite charge.

strong polar property pulls

47
Q

water:

A

water molecules attracted to each other
high temp stabilizing effect - takes alot of change temp
cohesion - surface tension - pull on itself
solvent - polar property
ice - floats when its a solid
densest as 4 degrees

48
Q

bases/acids

A

acid: More Hydrogen H
base: more hydroxide OH

49
Q

pH scale

A

measures the number protons or hydogen ions in a fluid

50
Q

1 change on pH scale =

A

10x hydrogen change

51
Q

1 ph (

A

acidic Highest H+

52
Q

10 ph

A

base highest OH-

53
Q

Donates H+ when dissolved in water

A

acids (pH < 7)

54
Q

Accepts H+ when dissolved in water

A

bases (pH>7)

55
Q

weak base

strong base

A

8

12

56
Q

weak acid

strong acid

A

6

3

57
Q

reluctant donors

A

weak acids

58
Q

gives up H+ easily when dissolved

A

strong acids

59
Q

substances that can combine with A/B and absorb excess ions from keep the PH from changing dramatically
(sodium bicarbonate)

A

Buffer System

Biology 109 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions