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Biology 109 > Chapt 2 > Flashcards

Chapt 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) _______________ bond.

A

covalent

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2
Q

What property of water is NOT attributable to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

A

polarity

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3
Q

When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.

A

quarternary

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4
Q

All enzymes are

A

proteins

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5
Q

Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?

A

nucleic acids

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6
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Strong Carbon covalent bonds

Molecules with a C backbone and attached functional groups

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7
Q

What are functional groups

A

clusters of atoms covalently bonded to C backbone

determine reactivity of the overall molecule

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8
Q

removing water from monomers to create polymers

A

dehydration reaction

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9
Q

breaking apart polymer chain to a monomer by adding water back

A

rehydrate reaction

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10
Q

Carbohydrates used in anmials

A

Energy

Structural Material - give shape

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11
Q

Monosaccharides

A

One sugar form - classic glucose

simplest

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12
Q

Disaccharides

A

short chain carbohydrate (maltose)

Dehydration function

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13
Q

polysachharides

A

complex carb – three or more

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14
Q

5 or 6 carbon backbone

A

monosach

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15
Q

ribose glucose fructose deoxyribose

A

monosacch

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16
Q

2 monosacchs covalently bonded

A

disaccharides

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17
Q

glucose isomer

A

hard to break down becuase body cant break it down so it stores it.

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18
Q

structrual or storage carb

cellulose and starch

A

polysaccharides

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19
Q

explane energy from plant to person

A 
carbon dioxide from the sun
energy to drive chem reaction 
combine with water pulled from grown
to turn into sugar
stringing them together to form polysaccharides or starch
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20
Q

sugar storage form in animals

iin muscles and liver cells

A

glycogen

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21
Q

LIpids

A

fats
Dont mix with water
Less dense than water

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22
Q

straight H chain with Carbon Backbone

A

non polar

lipids

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23
Q

Types of lipids

A

Fatty acids & fats
phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes

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24
Q

Why are fats good

A

2x as much energy per unit

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25
Q

triglycerides - how are they put together?

A

fatty acids tails attached to glycerol

3 long carbon chains attached to carbon backbone

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26
Q

saturated fat

A

single bonds between carbons

animals

27
Q

unsaturated

A

one or more double carbon bonds

plants

28
Q

kinks make these fats liquid at room temp

A

unsaturated

29
Q

tight bond makes these fats solid at room temp

A

saturated

30
Q

main component of cell membranes
fatty acid attached to a phospate head
carbon non polar tail
positive head

A

phospholipids

31
Q

phosopate head gives a phosophlipid a ____ charge

A

polar

32
Q

4 fused Carbon Rings

Important precursors for sex hormones

A

steroids

33
Q

Cholesterol makes

through process of

A

Vitamin D

estrogen and testosterone

34
Q

Waterproofing
Cover Cuticle of plants
Preen Glands
Beeswax

A

Waxes

35
Q

Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are

A

liquid at room temp

36
Q

The sugar found in RNA is

A

ribose

37
Q

Most living tissue
most diverse biomolecule
made up of amino acids

A

proteins

38
Q

support protiens

A

hiar skin nails

39
Q

metabolism proteins

A

enzymes

40
Q

tranport

A

hemoglobin

41
Q

transport carbon dioxide

A

antibodies

42
Q

regulation

A

hormones

43
Q

amino group
carboxyl group
functional group “r”

A

small organic molecules that are composed of 3 things

44
Q

properties of amino acids determined by the

A

R group

45
Q

20 amino acids

A

how many aminos are there

46
Q

Peptide Bond

A

Covalent Bond that links amino groups of one AA w/ carboxyl group of the next through dehydration synthesis.

47
Q

Protein synthesis

A

peptide bonds continue to spilit into dipeptire and polypeptide

48
Q

Primary structrue

A

actual sequence of AA

unique for all proteins

49
Q

structure determines

A

function

50
Q

secondary

A

folding that occurs when certain AA are placed next to each other between H bonds

51
Q

tertiary AA

A

when secondary collapse in on each otehr and create a massive ball
folding due to inteactons between R groups

52
Q

Quaternary AA

A

more than one polypeptide chain

53
Q

If AA structure is off it

A

sickle blood sells, throws off hemoglobin

does not transport oxy as well

54
Q

Disrupts 3D AA shape
Breaks weak bonds
Causes
pH and temp change

A

Protein denautration

55
Q

Destroying shape disrupts _____

A

function

56
Q

H+ in Acid interfiers with

A

H- bonding in protein

57
Q

Causes expansion of vibration of atoms

A

heat

58
Q

Molecules composed of chains of nucleotides

A

nucleic acids

59
Q

Nucleotide:

A

sugar
phosphate group
a base ( nitrogen - single or double ring structure)

60
Q

Nucleic Function

A

ATP- energy carriers
coenzymes = chem rxns
chemical messengers
DNA & RNA

61
Q

ATP derived from

A

3 phosphate group

62
Q

What is DNA

A 
molecule of inheritance
double stranded
A adenine
T thymine
G guanin
C cytosine
63
Q

What is RNA

A 
protein construction
single strand
Adenine
uracil
Guanine
Cytosine

Biology 109 (3 decks)

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