Chapt 2 Flashcards
The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) _______________ bond.
covalent
What property of water is NOT attributable to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
polarity
When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.
quarternary
All enzymes are
proteins
Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?
nucleic acids
Organic Compounds
Strong Carbon covalent bonds
Molecules with a C backbone and attached functional groups
What are functional groups
clusters of atoms covalently bonded to C backbone
determine reactivity of the overall molecule
removing water from monomers to create polymers
dehydration reaction
breaking apart polymer chain to a monomer by adding water back
rehydrate reaction
Carbohydrates used in anmials
Energy
Structural Material - give shape
Monosaccharides
One sugar form - classic glucose
simplest
Disaccharides
short chain carbohydrate (maltose)
Dehydration function
polysachharides
complex carb – three or more
5 or 6 carbon backbone
monosach
ribose glucose fructose deoxyribose
monosacch
2 monosacchs covalently bonded
disaccharides
glucose isomer
hard to break down becuase body cant break it down so it stores it.
structrual or storage carb
cellulose and starch
polysaccharides
explane energy from plant to person
carbon dioxide from the sun energy to drive chem reaction combine with water pulled from grown to turn into sugar stringing them together to form polysaccharides or starch
sugar storage form in animals
iin muscles and liver cells
glycogen
LIpids
fats
Dont mix with water
Less dense than water
straight H chain with Carbon Backbone
non polar
lipids
Types of lipids
Fatty acids & fats
phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes
Why are fats good
2x as much energy per unit
triglycerides - how are they put together?
fatty acids tails attached to glycerol
3 long carbon chains attached to carbon backbone
saturated fat
single bonds between carbons
animals
unsaturated
one or more double carbon bonds
plants
kinks make these fats liquid at room temp
unsaturated
tight bond makes these fats solid at room temp
saturated
main component of cell membranes
fatty acid attached to a phospate head
carbon non polar tail
positive head
phospholipids
phosopate head gives a phosophlipid a ____ charge
polar
4 fused Carbon Rings
Important precursors for sex hormones
steroids
Cholesterol makes
through process of
Vitamin D
estrogen and testosterone
Waterproofing
Cover Cuticle of plants
Preen Glands
Beeswax
Waxes
Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are
liquid at room temp
The sugar found in RNA is
ribose
Most living tissue
most diverse biomolecule
made up of amino acids
proteins
support protiens
hiar skin nails
metabolism proteins
enzymes
tranport
hemoglobin
transport carbon dioxide
antibodies
regulation
hormones
amino group
carboxyl group
functional group “r”
small organic molecules that are composed of 3 things
properties of amino acids determined by the
R group
20 amino acids
how many aminos are there
Peptide Bond
Covalent Bond that links amino groups of one AA w/ carboxyl group of the next through dehydration synthesis.
Protein synthesis
peptide bonds continue to spilit into dipeptire and polypeptide
Primary structrue
actual sequence of AA
unique for all proteins
structure determines
function
secondary
folding that occurs when certain AA are placed next to each other between H bonds
tertiary AA
when secondary collapse in on each otehr and create a massive ball
folding due to inteactons between R groups
Quaternary AA
more than one polypeptide chain
If AA structure is off it
sickle blood sells, throws off hemoglobin
does not transport oxy as well
Disrupts 3D AA shape
Breaks weak bonds
Causes
pH and temp change
Protein denautration
Destroying shape disrupts _____
function
H+ in Acid interfiers with
H- bonding in protein
Causes expansion of vibration of atoms
heat
Molecules composed of chains of nucleotides
nucleic acids
Nucleotide:
sugar
phosphate group
a base ( nitrogen - single or double ring structure)
Nucleic Function
ATP- energy carriers
coenzymes = chem rxns
chemical messengers
DNA & RNA
ATP derived from
3 phosphate group
What is DNA
molecule of inheritance double stranded A adenine T thymine G guanin C cytosine
What is RNA
protein construction single strand Adenine uracil Guanine Cytosine
