Chapter 01 The Study Of Human Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of the structural basis of body function

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the functional relevance of a structure

Question 3

Functional Morphology (3F’s)

Answer 3

“Form Follows Function”

Question 4

Inspection

Answer 4

Looking at surface appearance

Question 5

Palpation

Answer 5

Feeling a structure

Question 6

Auscultation

Answer 6

Listening to normal sounds

Question 7

Percussion

Answer 7

Tapping and listening

Question 8

Dissection

Answer 8

Cutting and separating of tissues

Question 9

Medical imaging

Answer 9

Replaces many exploratory surgeries

Question 10

Radiology

Answer 10

Branch of medicine concerned with imaging

Question 11

Invasive

Answer 11

Inserted into body

Question 12

Non-invasive

Answer 12

No penetration of body

Question 13

Radiography

Answer 13

• x ray or radiograph
• contrast medium to visualize hollow organs
• angiography - blood vessels

Question 14

Computed Tomography (CT scan)

Answer 14

• Cross-section X-rays (look at it from direction of feet to head)
• Equivalent radiation doses of 100-200 simple chest X-rays

Question 15

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 15

• Soft tissue visualization
• Uses magnets, not radiation

Question 16

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 16

• Gamma ray detection
• Nuclear medicine (use of radioisotopes)
• Used for finding active cell division/active sites in the body

Question 17

Sonography

Answer 17

• Reflection of ultrasound waves
• Sonogram - obstetrics, emergency medicine, other diagnostic procedures
• Echocardiography - beating heart

Question 18

Sitrus Solitus

Answer 18

Normal arrangement of organs

Question 19

Sitrus Inversus

Answer 19

Reversed position of organs

Question 20

Sitrus Perversus

Answer 20

One organ is atypically positioned

Question 21

Smallest to largest of human structure

Answer 21

Atoms
Molecules/macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism

Question 22

Integumentary system organs

Answer 22

Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands

Question 23

Integumentary system functions

Answer 23

Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin d synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication

Question 24

Skeletal system organs

Answer 24

Bones, cartilages, ligaments

Question 25

Skeletal system functions

Answer 25

Support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid-base balance

Question 26

Muscular system organs

Answer 26

Skeletal muscles

Question 27

Muscular system functions

Answer 27

Movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production

Question 28

Lymphatic system organs

Answer 28

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

Question 29

Lymphatic system functions

Answer 29

Recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease

Question 30

Respiratory system organs

Answer 30

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 31

Respiratory system functions

Answer 31

Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base balance, speech

Question 32

Digestive system organs

Answer 32

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 33

Digestive system functions

Answer 33

Nutrient breakdown and absorption, liver functions including metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma protein; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood

Question 34

Nervous system organs

Answer 34

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia

Question 35

Nervous system functions

Answer 35

Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation

Question 36

Endocrine system organs

Answer 36

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

Question 37

Endocrine organ functions

Answer 37

Hormone production, internal chemical communication and coordination

Question 38

Circulatory system organs

Answer 38

Heart, blood vessels

Question 39

Circulatory system functions

Answer 39

Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Question 40

Urinary system organs

Answer 40

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 41

Urinary system functions

Answer 41

Elimination of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure; stimulation of red blood cell formation; control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance; detoxification

Question 42

Male reproductive system organs

Answer 42

Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis

Question 43

Male reproductive system functions

Answer 43

Production and delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones

Question 44

Female reproductive system organs

Answer 44

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Question 45

Female reproductive system functions

Answer 45

Production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones

Question 46

Anatomical Position

Answer 46

- Standing erect with feet flat, ankles together - Arms at the sides (supinated) - Palms, face, and eyes facing forward - Provides a constant reference of body position - Note your reference vantage point for identifying left and right structures