Chapte 7: Circulatory System

Question 1

Name the 3 layers of the artery

Answer 1

1) Tunica adventitia/externa- outer layer
2) Tunica media- middle layer
3) Tunica intima- inner layer

Question 2

Capillaries only have which layer?

Answer 2

Tunica intima

Question 3

What is the purpose of arteries?

Answer 3

+To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
+Have high pressure and thick muscular walls

Question 4

What is the purpose of veins?

Answer 4

+To carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

+low pressure so valves help blood to move

Question 5

What and where are the 3 veins of antecubital fossa

Answer 5

1) Cephalic vein- along side thumb, used for obese patients
2) Basilic vein- goes along side the pinky, least used
3) Median cubital vein- in the middle, most commonly used, largest, straightest

Question 6

What is blood composed of?

Answer 6

55% plasma. 45% formed elements. 5% platelets

Question 7

What is the average blood volume

Answer 7

5-6 liters

Question 8

What is the average blood acidity

Answer 8

7.35-7.45 acidity

Question 9

What is plasma composed of?

Answer 9

+90% water

+ 10% solutes: electrolytes, proteins, antibodies, fibrinogen (clotting factor)

Question 10

When is serum formed?

Answer 10

When blood clots on the tube but doesn’t contain fibrinogen

Question 11

What is in formed elements?

Answer 11

Red blood cells, (95%), white blood cells, platelets

Question 12

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 12

Carry iron and oxygen via hemoglobin

Question 13

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 13

Protect the body from infection

Question 14

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 14

decreased number of platelets

Question 15

What is hemophilia?

Answer 15

blood clotting deficiency

Question 16

What is thrombosis?

Answer 16

Localized clotting

Question 17

What is thrombus?

Answer 17

blood clot that doesn’t move

Question 18

What is embolus?

Answer 18

blood clot that moves

Question 19

What is hemostasis?

Answer 19

natural process that stops blood loss when an injury happens

Question 20

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

Answer 20

1) Vascular
2) Platelet
3) Coagulation

Question 21

What happens during vascular phase of hemostasis?

Answer 21

Blood vessels contract to reduce blood flow to the area

Question 22

What happens during platelet phase of hemostasis?

Answer 22

platelets stick together and promote fibrin accumulation. Fibrin is a protein that helps clotting

Question 23

What is primary hemostasis

Answer 23

vascular phase + platelet phase

Question 24

What happens during coagulation phase?

Answer 24

Coagulation reinforces platelet plug with fibrin mesh that acts a glue to hold the clot