chapt. 8

Question 1

the Nazi dictator who ruled Germany and eventually led Europe into World War II.

Answer 1

adolf hitler

Question 2

This is an approach in which an aggressor nation is allowed to keep regions it has conquered in hopes that it will satisfy the country’s leaders and prevent future aggression. Britain and France signed the Munich Pact, an agreement that agreed to let Germany keep the territories it had taken in exchange for a pledge not to invade anymore countries

Answer 2

appeasement

Question 3

the communist dictator who ruled the Soviet Union and who was one of the Big Three allies during World War II.

Answer 3

joseph stalin

Question 4

the dictator who ruled Italy. He was a fascist and an ally of Germany and Japan.

Answer 4

benito mussolini

Question 5

the military leader who served as prime minister of Japan during World War II. He was eventually executed for war crimes.

Answer 5

hideki tojo

Question 6

This was the alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Answer 6

axis powers

Question 7

1935 law that prohibited the sale of US weapons to warring nations.

Answer 7

neutrality acts

Question 8

law under which the president could send aid to any nation whose defense was considered vital to the United States’ national security. If the country had no resources to pay for the aid, the US could send it and defer payment until later.

Answer 8

lend lease act

Question 9

US naval base in Hawaii which was attacked on December 7, 1941 by the Japanese. The event finally pulled the US into WWII.

Answer 9

pearl harbor

Question 10

conference between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin in which the three leaders decided to launch an Allied invasion of western Europe.

Answer 10

tehran conference

Question 11

name given the Allied invasion of Europe.

Answer 11

d-day/operation overlord

Question 12

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in February 1945 at the city of Yalta and conducted the Yalta Conference.

Answer 12

big three

Question 13

conference at which the “Big Three” discussed military strategy and postwar policies. The resolutions of the conference were stated in a Declaration and included a provision for Germany being divided into four zones to be administered by the Allies following the war. In addition, the leaders scheduled a conference in San Francisco for the following April to establish the United Nations as a permanent peace-keeping organization.

Answer 13

yalta conference

Question 14

Southeast Asian island territory won by the US from Spain. It was a subject of much debate and division after the Spanish-American war as many wanted to annex it, and others wanted it declared an independent nation.

Answer 14

philipines

Question 15

battle which ended in a US victory and turned the tide of the war in the Pacific in favor of the US and its allies.

Answer 15

battle of midway

Question 16

strategy used by US forces in the Pacific in which they would attack and conquer one set of islands and then move on to the next as they made their way to Japan.

Answer 16

island hopping

Question 17

nuclear bomb dropped by the US on Hiroshima and later Nagasaki to bring about Japan’s surrender and the end of WWII.

Answer 17

atomic bond

Question 18

project to construct the atomic bomb

Answer 18

Manhattan project

Question 19

president who took office following Roosevelt’s death and who gave the final order to drop the atomic bomb.

Answer 19

harry truman

Question 20

Japanese cities on which the US dropped atomic bombs

Answer 20

hiroshima and nagasaki

Question 21

Act passed by Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in US history in 1940

Answer 21

selective service act

Question 22

re-directed raw materials and resources from the production of civilian consumer goods to the production of materials needed for waging war against Germany and Japan.

Answer 22

war productions board

Question 23

drives which encouraged citizens in the US to buy bonds to help raise money for the war effort.

Answer 23

war bonds drive

Question 24

private vegetable gardens grown by citizens so that more food could be sent to support soldiers.

Answer 24

victory gardens

Question 25

policy in which the US government controlled how certain goods were allocated, so as to make sure that the war effort was adequately supported.

Answer 25

rationing

Question 26

became the symbol of those women who entered the workforce to fill the gap left vacant by men serving in the war.

Answer 26

rosie the rivetor

Question 27

Women’s Army Corps; an army division for women that served in nearly every capacity except combat.

Answer 27

WAC

Question 28

all black squadron of fighter pilots that successfully protected every single bomber it escorted during WWII.

Answer 28

tuskegee airmen

Question 29

Native American Marines who served as radio operators in the Pacific.

Answer 29

codetalkers

Question 30

Japanese American unit that served valiantly in Europe and became the most decorated unit in United States history.

Answer 30

442nd

Question 31

slogan used by many African-Americans who were calling for social change in the US during the war. It stood for victory both abroad against Hitler and the Japanese, and at home against “Hitlerism.”

Answer 31

double v campaign

Question 32

Mostly Mexican immigrants that the United States needed for labor during World War II.

Answer 32

hispanic population

Question 33

After Pearl Harbor, the US government ordered all Japanese Americans away from military facilities. Under authority of this order, the US military forced more than 100,000 Japanese Americans from their homes and businesses during the war and placed them in internment camps.

Answer 33

internment of japanese americans

Question 34

camps established by the Nazis in which Jews and other prisoners were either immediately put to death or forced to provide slave labor before finally being executed or dying of disease or starvation.

Answer 34

concentration camps

Question 35

the attempted genocide of the Jewish people (and some other ethnic and social groups) by the Nazis during WWII.

Answer 35

holocaust

Question 36

trials held in Germany after the war and the discovery of the Holocaust. It placed several Nazi leaders on trial for war crimes and resulted in a number of executions and long prison sentences.

Answer 36

nuremburg trials

Question 37

WWII saw advances in radar, sonar, microwave technology, computers, agriculture, nuclear power, and medicine. In addition, innovations such as pipelines, synthetic rubber, and improved radios also came about during this period.

Answer 37

advances in technology

Question 38

age that began with the dropping of the atomic bomb in which both the horrors of nuclear weapons and the possible benefits of nuclear energy are realities the world lives with.

Answer 38

nuclear age

Question 39

competition between the US and USSR in which each side continued to build more and more powerful nuclear weapons in an effort to maintain a military advantage

Answer 39

nuclear arms race