chapt. 7

Question 1

Charles Darwin’s theory that all life, including human, evolved over time.

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

proposed that the Bible should be studied as any other work of literature or history to determine its validity and relevance

Answer 2

higher criticism

Question 3

religious ideology which believes that the Bible is literally true and, because it is from God, cannot contain contradictions or errors.

Answer 3

fundamentalism

Question 4

Nicknamed the “monkey trial,” it centered around a science teacher named John Scopes who was arrested for violating a Tennessee law that forbade teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution instead of the Bible’s account of creation. Scopes was ultimately found guilty, and the law against teaching evolution remained in effect.

Answer 4

scopes trial

Question 5

innovative industrialist who revolutionized the auto industry with a more efficient assembly line and mass production techniques that made automobiles more affordable

Answer 5

henry ford

Question 6

producing large quantities of a product, so as to be able to afford to sell them at more affordable prices.

Answer 6

mass production

Question 7

innovative assembly line that allowed workers to stand still while the parts came to them. It increased production and revolutionized how factory work is done.

Answer 7

assembly line

Question 8

Henry Ford revolutionized production by viewing common workers as consumers. This encouraged mass production to make goods like cars affordable.

Answer 8

worker as consumer

Question 9

industry of air travel that was born as a result of the work of Orville and Wilbur Wright and was boosted by Charles Lindbergh.

Answer 9

airline industry

Question 10

things like refrigerators and sewing machines, made popular by electricity and which made life easier and gave more time for leisure activity.

Answer 10

new appliances

Question 11

because of advances in technology, people ventured into the city after dark to attend shows, have dinner, or take part in evening social events.

Answer 11

nightlife

Question 12

arose during the 20s as radio, magazines, and the popularity of movies served to create a mass culture by allowing people in different parts of the nation to be exposed to the same trends, fashions, news stories, etc.

Answer 12

mass media

Question 13

Radio united the nation as people listened to the same shows and news.

Answer 13

radio

Question 14

Movies helped create a national culture and became popular in the 20s.

Answer 14

movie industry

Question 15

plans introduced in the 1920s that allowed consumers to purchase larger, more expensive products a little at a time rather than having to wait until they had saved the entire amount.

Answer 15

installment plans

Question 16

in the 20s, the US became a society that spent money and consumed rather than saved money.

Answer 16

consumer society

Question 17

term referring to women of the 1920s who tended to be more rebellious and “fun-loving” than women of the past. They challenged the traditional gender roles in society and often caused more traditional citizens (men and women alike) great concern

Answer 17

flappers

Question 18

group of writers who felt lost in a society of greed and moral corruption. Among their number were F. Scott Fitzgerald, who authored The Great Gatsby, and Ernest Hemingway, who wrote of the lost generation in his novel, The Sun Also Rises.

Answer 18

the lost generation

Question 19

a popular form of music after World War I that was popularized by Louis Armstrong and other African-American musicians who brought their musical talents from Louisiana and Mississippi to the northern cities. Its fast pace inspired new dances like the “Charleston” and helped create a thriving nightlife. Crossing ethnic boundaries, jazz found a receptive audience among both blacks and young whites.

Answer 19

jazz

Question 20

a cultural movement among the African-American community involving music, art, and literature.

Answer 20

harlem renaissance

Question 21

political and economic philosophy in which the government owns all property, and individual rights mean little compared to the welfare of the state.

Answer 21

communism

Question 22

concerns about communism that swept the nation following WWII.

Answer 22

red scare

Question 23

government action launched during the Red Scare in which suspected communists and other “subversives” (many of whom were immigrants who had committed no crimes) were arrested, jailed, and often deported.

Answer 23

palmer raids

Question 24

attitude/movement strongly opposed to immigration.

Answer 24

nativism

Question 25

restrictions put in place by the government which regulated how many people could immigrate to the US from certain parts of the world early in the 20th century

Answer 25

immigration quotas

Question 26

secretive organization whose members often dressed in hooded white robes and used violence, murder, and threats to intimidate blacks and those who favored giving African-Americans equal rights.

Answer 26

KKK

Question 27

common name given the period in which the Eighteenth Amendment was in effect, outlawing

Answer 27

prohibition

Question 28

the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages in the United States

Answer 28

prohibition

Question 29

repealed Prohibition.

Answer 29

21st amendment

Question 30

practice of buying stock in high-risk investments in hopes of making high returns on one’s money. It was a common practice in the years leading up to the Great Depression.

Answer 30

buying stock and speculation

Question 31

process in which investors purchased stocks for only a portion of what they cost. They then borrowed the difference and paid interest on the loan.

Answer 31

buying on margin

Question 32

increased use of machinery for production.

Answer 32

mechanization

Question 33

producing so much of a product that the prices fall and producers often go bankrupt.

Answer 33

overproduction

Question 34

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Answer 34

black tuesday

Question 35

time of great financial hardship that engulfed the US and the world during the late 20s and through the 1930s.

Answer 35

great depression

Question 36

name given makeshift shack villages set up by the poor and homeless during the Great Depression. The name refers to President Hoover, whom most blamed for their plight.

Answer 36

hoovervilles

Question 37

positive Democrat who was elected president in 1932 and was willing to experiment with deficit spending in order to launch his “New Deal” and address the nation’s economic problems.

Answer 37

FDR/Franklin Roosevelt

Question 38

radio addresses made directly to the US public by President Franklin Roosevelt shortly after he took office. They inspired hope at a time of financial crisis and even convinced some to start depositing their money in banks again.

Answer 38

fireside chats

Question 39

policy in which the federal government directly helps those hurting from financial crisis

Answer 39

direct relief

Question 40

government spending of borrowed money

Answer 40

deficit spending

Question 41

Roosevelt’s domestic programs meant to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression.

Answer 41

new deal

Question 42

act passed in 1913 that established a Federal Reserve to oversee banking in the United States. The Federal Reserve gave the federal government greater control over the circulation of money and helped prevent bank failures.

Answer 42

federal reserve act

Question 43

PWA was a new deal product. It fueled public works like dam construction and highways.

Answer 43

public works administration

Question 44

established retirement income and money for disabled workers.

Answer 44

social security

Question 45

benefited from New Deal policies and union membership grew.

Answer 45

labor movement

Question 46

Part of population that often received less pay than the breadwinners of families; their largest occupation continued to be domestic

Answer 46

women

Question 47

still worked as farmers and migrant workers. As a result, their lack of government payroll records often excluded them from programs like Social Security. In addition, New Deal work programs sanctioned racial segregation and African Americans experienced the highest ratio of unemployment among US citizens. What jobs they did get, however, were credited to Roosevelt and his programs. As a result, African Americans began to shift their political loyalty to the Democratic party during the mid-1930s.

Answer 47

minorities