Chapt. 3 Key terms(Hardware) Flashcards
a set of standards for network communication in local area networks
ethernet
this cable type supports gigabit ethernet (10/100/1000Mbps)
CAT5e
this cable type supports 10G ethernet (10/100/1000/10000Mbps) and reduces crosstalk for more reliable connections at gigabit speeds
CAT6
an air space in a building such as HVAC ductwork or a suspended ceiling. This cable type produces very little smoke when burned
plenum
this type of cable has 4 pairs of twisted wires inside a sheath
UTP unshielded twisted pair
this ethernet cable has added shielding to protect against electromagnetic interference
STP shielded twisted pair
a TP wiring standard that uses the following wires from pins 1 to 8: orange stripe, orange, green stripe, blue, blue stripe, green, brown stripe, brown.
568B
a TP wiring standard that uses the following wires from pins 1 to 8: green stripe, green, orange stripe, blue, blue stripe, orange, brown stripe, brown
568A
network cable that uses glass to transmit photons to carry data
fiber optic cabling
a type of cable that consists of a solid center copper core, insulation, a metal braided jacket for grounding, and a vinyl or plastic outer jacket. commonly used for cable TV, cable internet and satellite internet
coaxial cabling
a connector used to attach legacy ethernet 10Base2 coax cable
BNC connectors (bayonet neill-concelman or british naval connector)
a connector used for cable, satellite and fixed wireless internet and TV service. can be crimped or attached via compression to the coaxial cable.
F connector
the first popular analog video standard and the basis for all current video cards
video graphics array (VGA)
800x600 resolution or any ___ display setting that uses more than 16 colors or higher resolution than 640x480
super video graphics array (super VGA)
a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data.
high definition multimedia interface (HDMI)
a type of cable/ connector used by high performance video cards and some tablets
mini-HDMI
a cable and port primarily used to transmit video that can also send audio and USB signals. designed as a replacement for VGA and DVI
display port
the proprietary, reversible Apple iOS sync/charging USB 2.0 connector. used on older iOS devices
lightning
an intel developed ultra high speed I/O interface that is available in three versions: 10Gbps, 20 Gbps, and 40Gbps. used widely by Apple and by some high performance PCs.
Thunderbolt 1,2 and 3
a high speed replacement for older I/O ports. Several generation have been implemented, the latest being 3.1 Gen 2
universal serial bus (USB)
the newest reversible USB connector, should replace other USB types
USB-C
a version of USB with peak speed of 480Mbps
USB 2.0 (Hi-speed)
at 5Gbps, a version of USB that supports older USB devices at the native speeds of those devices
USB 3.0 (superspeed) known as USB 3.1 Generation 1
a version of USB that runs at 10Gbps and is compatible with USB 3.0, 2.0, and 1.1 devices
USB 3.1 (superspeed+)Gen 2
a communication physical interface (also known as a COM port) through which information transfers in or out 1 bit at a time. The RS-232 standard is commonly used to transmit data through DB-9 ports.
serial
a version of___ that uses thin data and power cables to transmit data serially at rates of 1.5Gbps, 3.0Gbps, 6.0Gbps and 16Gbps
SATA serial advanced technology attachment
the interface that connects the motherboard to drives like CD-ROM/DVD or a hard drive
integrated drive electronics(IDE)
a flexible interface that can be used for hard drives and optical drives, scanners and other devices. narrow cable interfaces enable daisy chaining of 7 devices to a single port. wide cable interfaces enable daisy chaining of up to 15 devices to a single port
SCSI small computer system interface
a serial connector on older PCs that connected modems, printers and mice. replaced by USB
RS-232
coaxial cable used to distribute TV signals in a home or office. Replaced by RG-6
RG-59
coaxial cable used to distribute HDTV signals in a home or office. ______ uses quad shielding for better signal quality over long runs.
RG-6
a 4-pin power connector used for desktop PATA drives and some add-on cards. _____ connectors can be adapted to SATA drives, case fans, and Bern connectors
Molex
volatile memory whose contents can be changed
random access memory (RAM)
fast RAM synchronized to the motherboards clock speed with speeds of 66MHz, 100MHz or 133MHz.
SDRAM synchronous DRAM
a type of memory module available in 168-pin, 184-pin and 288-pin versions. each side of the module has a different pinout
dual inline memory module (DIMM)
compact version of the standard DIMM module, available in various pinouts for use in notebook and laptop computers and laser printers
small outline DIMM (SODIMM)
a motherboard feature in which two identical memory modules are treated as a single logical unit for faster access.
dual channel
a motherboard technique used to triple RAM speed
triple channel
a method of checking reliability of data transmission using extra ______ bits in the transmission
parity checking
advanced memory that can correct errors and requires special chipsets. used primarily in servers.
error-correcting code (ECC)
an optical medium originally developed for HD movies, capacity of 25GB single layer and 50GB dual layer, also referred to as BD
blu-ray
a solid state drive that can mount directly onto a motherboard or an expansion card, giving the drive more direct access to the CPU for much faster reading than an SSD
M.2
a type of memory that is faster but more expensive than SLC flash memory, used in solid state drives
multi-level cell MLC
a flash memory type most often used in solid state drives.
single level cell (SLC)
a protocol designed to allow solid state drives to transfer data between the motherboard and the SSDs at staggeringly high rates
(NVMe) non-volatile memory express
a type of memory that can retain its contents without electricity
flash memory
a type of RAID in which two drives are treated as a single drive, with both drives used to simultaneously store differents portions of the same file
RAID level 0 (striping)
a type of RAID in which two drives are treated as mirrors of each other, changes to the contents of one drive are immediately reflected on the other drive.
RAID Level 1 (mirroring)
a type of RAID in which three or more drives are treated as a logical array, and parity information (used to recover data in the event of a drive failure) is spread across all drives in the array. suitable for use with program and data drives
RAID Level 5
a type of RAID in which four drives combine striping plus mirroring for extra speed plus better reliability. suitable for use with program and data drives. RAID ___ is a stripe set of mirrors.
RAID Level 1+0 (RAID 10)
a slot used for diagnostic cards and for WiFi networking on recent laptops
miniPCIe
a slot used in motherboards to provide support for additional input/output (I/O) devices and high speed video/graphics cards
expansion slots
a 32 bit I/O bus that provides a shared 33MHz or 66MHz data path between the CPU and peripheral controllers.
PCI peripheral component interconnect
a high speed set of serial bus communication channels used by adapter cards.
(PCIE) PCI express
the interface that connects the motherboard to drives like CD-ROM/DVD or a hard drive
integrated drive electronics (IDE)
boot firmware, the first code run by a computer when its booted
basic input/output system (BIOS)
a BIOS test of basic hardware performed during cold boot
power on self test (POST)
a notification from an IDS device about threats that might not be detected by a firewall.
intrusion detection/notification
a chip used by Windows editions that support the BitLocker full-disk encryption feature to protect the contents of any specified drive (Windows 7/8/8.1/10)
trusted platform module (TPM)
a setting that blocks installation of untrusted software during the boot process.
secure boot
the process of using hardware resources, especially RAM to assist in the management of virtual machines
hardware-assisted virtualization
technology developed by intel for processing two execution threads within a single processor core
hyperthreading
a setting in BIOS that allows you to choose which video card to enable if two are installed
primary VGA BIOS
a printer component that applies the page image to the transfer belt or roller, frequently combined with the toner supply in a toner cartridge
imaging drum
a printer component that pulls toner from the toner supply and sends it to the imaging drum
developer
a laser printer component that fuses the page image to the paper
fuser assembly
a printer component that transfers a page image from the drum to the page.
transfer belt or transfer roller
printer component that picks up paper
pickup rollers
a part of a printer that enables pickup rollers to pick up only one sheet of paper at a time
paper separation pad
a printer component that switches paper from the front to the back side so that the printer can print on both sides of the paper.
duplexing assembly
step 1 of the laser printing process, in which the printers raster image processing engine receives the page, font, test and graphics data from the printer drive, creates a page image and stores it in memory
processing
step 2 of the laser printing process, in which the cylinder-shaped imaging drum receives an electrostatic charge fo 600Vdc(DC voltage) from a conditioning roller.
charging
step 3 of the laser printing process, in which a moving mirror moves the laser beam across the surface of the drum. As it moves the laser beam temporarily records the image of the page to be printed on the surface of the drum by reducing the voltage of the charge applied by the charger corona to -100VDC
exposing
step 4 of the laser printing process in which the drum has toner applied to it from the developer; because the toner is electrostatic and is also at -600VDC, the toner stays on only the portions of the drum that have been reduced in voltage to create the image.
developing
step 5 of the laser printing process: While the sheet is being fed into the printer, it receives an electrostatic charge of +600VDC from a corona wire or roller, which enables it to attract toner from the drum, which is negatively charged. As the drums surface moves close to the charged paper, the toner adhering to the drum is attracted to the electrostatically charged paper to create the printed page
transferring
step 6 of the laser printing process, in which the printed sheet of paper is pulled through fuser rollers, using high temperatures to heat the toner and press it into the paper. the printed image is slightly raised above the surface of the paper
fusing
step 7 of the laser printing process, which involves preparing the drum for a new page by removing the preceding page from the drum by using a discharge lamp. Toner that is not adhering to the surface of the drum is scraped from the drums surface for reuse.
cleaning
the process of printing one or more sheets of paper and selecting the print setting that produces straight lines.
calibration
a print technology that sprays fine droplets of ink on the page
inkjet printer
